8 Biological monitoring: Statistical issues and models

Abstract Biological monitoring refers to the collection of data on biological organisms to establish that explicit quality criteria are being met. Biological monitoring is used to provide early warning of deleterious effects, detect episodic events, detect trends or change, evaluate information redundancy and assess effects of biological and physical stressors on biological communities. Statistical methodology and models are important in monitoring of biological systems. Some of the statistical methodologies used to aid biological monitoring programs are discussed. Models that are used to evaluate change in biological systems are described. Further needs and directions in research in biomonitoring are addressed.

[1]  S. Zahl,et al.  JACKKNIFING AN INDEX OF DIVERSITY , 1977 .

[2]  J. Cairns.  Biological monitoring part I—Early warning systems , 1980 .

[3]  R. Gardner,et al.  Risk assessment by analysis of extrapolation error: A demonstration for effects of pollutants on fish , 1983 .

[4]  Graphical effluent quality control for compliance monitoring: What is a violation? , 1980 .

[5]  M. Deaton,et al.  Application of Time–Series Intervention Analysis to Fish Ventilatory Response Data , 1982 .

[6]  R. Green,et al.  Sampling Design and Statistical Methods for Environmental Biologists , 1979 .

[7]  M. Hill,et al.  Data analysis in community and landscape ecology , 1987 .

[8]  Eric P. Smith,et al.  An assessment methodology for successional systems. II. Statistical tests and specific examples , 1990 .

[9]  J. Cairns,et al.  A procedure for the detection of pollution by fish movements. , 1975, Biometrics.

[10]  J. Karr.  Biological Integrity: A Long-Neglected Aspect of Water Resource Management. , 1991, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[11]  L. L. Eberhardt,et al.  Designing Environmental Field Studies , 1991 .

[12]  E. Smith,et al.  Community similarity and the analysis of multispecies environmental data: A unified statistical approach , 1990 .

[13]  Keith W. Hipel,et al.  Assessment of environmental impacts part two: Data collection , 1978 .

[14]  E. Smith,et al.  Similarities between rarefaction methods , 2004, Hydrobiologia.

[15]  Graham Kalton,et al.  Sampling Rare Populations , 1986 .

[16]  C.J.F. ter Braak,et al.  CANOCO - a FORTRAN program for canonical community ordination by [partial] [etrended] [canonical] correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis (version 2.1) , 1988 .

[17]  Eric P. Smith,et al.  Impact Assessment Using the Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) Model: Concerns and Comments , 1993 .

[18]  Dennis P. Lettenmaier,et al.  Multivariate nonparametric tests for trend in water quality , 1988 .

[19]  The effect of the dumping of waste-acid from the titanium-dioxide production on the chlorophyl-a concentration of North Sea water: A time series analysis , 1988, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[20]  L. L. Eberhardt,et al.  Quantitative ecology and impact assessment , 1976 .

[21]  Steven P. Millard,et al.  Optimal design of biological sampling programs using the analysis of variance , 1986 .

[22]  S. Hurlbert.  Pseudoreplication and the Design of Ecological Field Experiments , 1984 .

[23]  C.J.F. ter Braak,et al.  Partial canonical correspondence analysis , 1988 .

[24]  R. Hirsch,et al.  A Nonparametric Trend Test for Seasonal Data With Serial Dependence , 1984 .

[25]  Dilip Mathur,et al.  Assessment of Thermal Discharges on Zooplankton in Conowingo Pond, Pennsylvania , 1980 .

[26]  J. A. Nachlas,et al.  X charts with variable sampling intervals , 1988 .

[27]  Robert M. Hirsch.  Statistical Methods and Sampling Design for Estimating Step Trends in Surface-Water Quality , 1988 .

[28]  Jim C. Loftis,et al.  Multivariate tests for trend in water quality , 1991 .

[29]  Stephen R. Carpenter,et al.  Randomized Intervention Analysis and the Interpretation of Whole‐Ecosystem Experiments , 1989 .

[30]  James R. Bence,et al.  Assessing Effects of Unreplicated Perturbations: No Simple Solutions , 1992 .

[31]  Woollcott Smith.  Design of Efficient Environmental Surveys Over Time , 1984 .

[32]  Allan Stewart-Oaten,et al.  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: "PSEUDOREPLICATION" IN TIME?' , 1986 .

[33]  J. Neuhold.  The relationship of life history attributes to toxicant tolerance in fishes , 1987 .

[34]  R H Green,et al.  Statistical and nonstatistical considerations for environmental monitoring studies , 1984, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[35]  John R. Skalski,et al.  Design for aquatic monitoring programs , 1982 .

[36]  E. Odum.  Fundamentals of ecology , 1972 .

[37]  J. C. Arnold.  A Markovian Sampling Policy Applied to Water Quality Monitoring of Streams , 1970 .

[38]  Gerald van Belle,et al.  Nonparametric Tests for Trend in Water Quality , 1984 .

[39]  G. Belle,et al.  Explicit Calculation of the Rarefaction Diversity Measurement and the Determination of Sufficient Sample Size , 1975 .

[40]  Statistical analysis of industrial wastewater monitoring data , 1987 .

[41]  R. O. Gilbert.  Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring , 1987 .

[42]  Jr. John Cairns,et al.  The Myth of the Most Sensitive SpeciesMultispecies testing can provide valuable evidence for protecting the environment , 1986 .

[43]  Marie-Josée Fortin,et al.  Design for simultaneous sampling of ecological variables: from concepts to numerical solutions , 1989 .

[44]  G. Belle,et al.  Nonparametric estimation of species richness , 1984 .

[45]  C. Braak.  Canonical Correspondence Analysis: A New Eigenvector Technique for Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis , 1986 .

[46]  R. Hirsch,et al.  Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data , 1982 .

[47]  K. L. Gore,et al.  Evaluation of Millstone Nuclear Power Plant, Environmental Impact prediction, based on monitoring programs , 1977 .

[48]  C. Mann.  Meta-analysis in the breech. , 1990, Science.

[49]  J. L. Zajicek,et al.  National contaminant biomonitoring program: Residues of organochlorine chemicals in U.S. Freshwater Fish, 1976–1984 , 1990, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[50]  Woollcott Smith,et al.  Sampling Properties of a Family of Diversity Measures , 1977 .

[51]  C. R. Rao,et al.  Weighted distributions and size-biased sampling with applications to wildlife populations and human families , 1978 .

[52]  L. Fisher,et al.  Monitoring the environment for ecological change , 1977 .

[53]  R. Sparks,et al.  A preliminary report on rapid biological information systems for water pollution control. , 1970, Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation.

[54]  Virginia Carter,et al.  An overview of the hydrologic concerns related to wetlands in the United States , 1986 .