Human Platelet‐Specific Alloantigens: Update

Platelet alloantigens and their respective alloantibodies play an important role in immune-mediated platelet disorders. There are essentially three clinical conditions caused by platelet alloantibodies: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), posttransfusion purpura (PTP) and platelet transfusion refractoriness (1). In addition, two rare alloimmune thrombocytopenia syndromes were described: passive alloimmune thrombocytopenia (2) and transplantation-associated thrombocytopenia (3). In the past two decades considerable progress has been made in the characterization of platelet alloantigens. The use of serological antigen capture assays such as the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (4) and immunochemical methods led to a rapid increase in the number of newly recognized platelet alloantigens. The introduction of PCR technology for amplification of platelet specific mRNA (5 ) made the characterization of platelet alloantigens possible at the molecular level. Based on the molecular genetic basis of platelet alloantigens a number of genotyping techniques could be developed. In this chapter, we will briefly review the progress of the molecular genetics and the structure of human platelet alloantigens. Platelet alloantigenslantibodies

[1]  C. E. van der Schoot,et al.  The Arg633His substitution responsible for the private platelet antigen Groa unravelled by SSCP analysis and direct sequencing , 1997, British journal of haematology.

[2]  M. Morel-Kopp,et al.  HPA-10wb (Laa): Genetic Determination of a New Platelet-Specific Alloantigen on Glycoprotein IIIa and Its Expression in COS-7 Cells , 1997 .

[3]  J. Gorski,et al.  An integrin polymorphism that defines reactivity with alloantibodies generates an anchor for MHC class II peptide binding: a model for unidirectional alloimmune responses. , 1997, Journal of immunology.

[4]  S. Honda,et al.  The Pla Alloantigen System Is a Sensitive Indicator of the Structural Integrity of the Amino-terminal Domain of the Human Integrin β3 Subunit , 1995 .

[5]  P. Noris,et al.  Max(a), a new low-frequency platelet-specific antigen localized on glycoprotein IIb, is associated with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. , 1995, Blood.

[6]  P. Newman,et al.  Human Platelet Alloantigens: Recent Findings, New Perspectives , 1995, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[7]  A. Borne,et al.  A New Private Platelet Antigen, Gro a , Localized on Glycoprotein IIIa, Involved in Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia , 1994, Vox sanguinis.

[8]  P. Newman,et al.  A point mutation leads to an unpaired cysteine residue and a molecular weight polymorphism of a functional platelet beta 3 integrin subunit. The Sra alloantigen system of GPIIIa. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[9]  P. Newman.  Nomenclature of human platelet alloantigens: a problem with the HPA system? , 1994, Blood.

[10]  P. Newman,et al.  Amino acid 489 is encoded by a mutational "hot spot" on the beta 3 integrin chain: the CA/TU human platelet alloantigen system. , 1993, Blood.

[11]  P. Newman,et al.  The human platelet alloantigens Br(a) and Brb are associated with a single amino acid polymorphism on glycoprotein Ia (integrin subunit alpha 2). , 1993, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[12]  C. Mueller-Eckhardt,et al.  Platelet alloantigen frequencies in Caucasians: a serological study , 1993 .

[13]  C. Mueller-Eckhardt,et al.  Frequency of platelet‐specific antigens among Indonesians , 1993, Transfusion.

[14]  R. Kekomäki,et al.  A new platelet alloantigen, Tua, on glycoprotein IIIa associated with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia in two families , 1993, British journal of haematology.

[15]  R. Kuijpers,et al.  Single point mutation in human glycoprotein IIIa is associated with a new platelet-specific alloantigen (Mo) involved in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. , 1993, Blood.

[16]  R. Aster,et al.  An amino acid polymorphism within the RGD binding domain of platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa is responsible for the formation of the Pena/Penb alloantigen system. , 1992, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[17]  W. Ouwehand,et al.  Leucine33-proline33 substitution in human platelet glycoprotein IIIa determines HLA-DRw52a (Dw24) association of the immune response against HPA-1a (Zwa/PIA1) and HPA-1b (Zwb/PIA2). , 1992, Human immunology.

[18]  P. Kero,et al.  A new low‐frequency platelet alloantigen, Vaa, on glycoprotein IIbIIIa associated with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia , 1992, Transfusion medicine.

[19]  W. Ouwehand,et al.  NH2-terminal globular domain of human platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha has a methionine 145/threonine145 amino acid polymorphism, which is associated with the HPA-2 (Ko) alloantigens. , 1992, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[20]  M. Poncz,et al.  Effect of single amino acid substitutions on the formation of the PlA and Bak alloantigenic epitopes. , 1991, Blood.

[21]  A. Borne,et al.  The platelet glycoprotein Ia‐IIa‐associated Br‐alloantigen system is expressed by cultured endothelial cells , 1990, British journal of haematology.

[22]  R. Aster,et al.  Polymorphism of human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb associated with the Baka/Bakb alloantigen system. , 1990, Blood.

[23]  Francine Décary,et al.  ICSH/ISBT Working Party on Platelet Serology , 1990 .

[24]  C. Kaplan,et al.  HLA-DRw52a is involved in alloimmunization against PL-A1 antigen. , 1990, Human immunology.

[25]  A. von dem Borne,et al.  ICSH/ISBT Working Party on platelet serology. Nomenclature of platelet-specific antigens. , 1990, Vox sanguinis.

[26]  J. V. van Mourik,et al.  Expression of the alloantigen Zwa (or P1A1) on human vascular smooth muscle cells and foreskin fibroblasts: a study on normal individuals and a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. , 1989, Blood.

[27]  C. Mueller-Eckhardt,et al.  Human platelet alloantigens Bra/Brb are expressed on the very late activation antigen 2 (VLA-2) of T lymphocytes. , 1989, Human immunology.

[28]  G. Mueller‐Eckhardt,et al.  HLA‐DRw6, a New Immune Response Marker for Immunization against the Platelet Alloantigen Bra , 1989, Vox sanguinis.

[29]  R. Aster,et al.  The human platelet alloantigens, PlA1 and PlA2, are associated with a leucine33/proline33 amino acid polymorphism in membrane glycoprotein IIIa, and are distinguishable by DNA typing. , 1989, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[30]  G. Mueller‐Eckhardt,et al.  348 CASES OF SUSPECTED NEONATAL ALLOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA , 1989, The Lancet.

[31]  O. Haas,et al.  Immune thrombocytopenia more than a year after allogeneic marrow transplantation due to antibodies against donor platelets with anti‐PIA1 specificity: evidence for a host‐derived immune reaction , 1989, British journal of haematology.

[32]  J. Gorski,et al.  Enzymatic amplification of platelet-specific messenger RNA using the polymerase chain reaction. , 1988, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[33]  J. V. van Mourik,et al.  Alloantigenic composition of the endothelial vitronectin receptor. , 1988, Blood.

[34]  V. Kiefel,et al.  Monoclonal antibody--specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA): a new tool for the identification of platelet-reactive antibodies. , 1987, Blood.

[35]  P. Ballem,et al.  Post‐transfusion purpura secondary to passive transfer of anti‐P1A1 by blood transfusion , 1987, British journal of haematology.

[36]  H. Willard,et al.  Guidelines for human gene nomenclature. An international system for human gene nomenclature (ISGN, 1987). , 1987, Cytogenetics and cell genetics.