Cultural Factors That Impact Brand Personification Strategy Effectiveness

A brand personification is a human-like portrayal of a product or brand that is designed to associate the brand with certain human characteristics. Brand personifications, such as fictional human characters (e.g., Mr. Clean), human-like brand characters (e.g., Pillsbury doughboy), and product animations (e.g., M&M's characters), portray human-like personality characteristics intended to shape consumers’ brand images. However, a brand personification strategy that appeals to consumers in one cultural context will not necessarily appeal to consumers in another cultural context. To explore cultural factors impacting brand personification strategies, a literature review was conducted. Ten research propositions were developed for future research and managerial implications were discussed.

[1]  T. Singelis,et al.  Biculturalism and self-construal , 1999 .

[2]  Wayne D. Hoyer,et al.  Implementing an intended brand personality: a dyadic perspective , 2012 .

[3]  S. Heine,et al.  Self as cultural product: an examination of East Asian and North American selves. , 2001, Journal of personality.

[4]  Anne M. Brumbaugh Source and Nonsource Cues in Advertising and Their Effects on the Activation of Cultural and Subcultural Knowledge on the Route to Persuasion , 2002 .

[5]  R. Nisbett,et al.  Cultural Similarities and Differences in Social Inference: Evidence from Behavioral Predictions and Lay Theories of Behavior , 2002 .

[6]  M. Sirgy,et al.  Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review , 1982 .

[7]  S. Fournier,et al.  Brands as Relationship Partners: Warmth, Competence, and In-Between , 2011 .

[8]  J. Cacioppo,et al.  On seeing human: a three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. , 2007, Psychological review.

[9]  V. Benet‐Martínez,et al.  Bicultural identities: The interface of cultural, personality, and socio-cognitive processes , 2002 .

[10]  Vanitha Swaminathan,et al.  When Brand Personality Matters: The Moderating Role of Attachment Styles , 2009 .

[11]  M. Banaji,et al.  Is Self-Esteem a Central Ingredient of the Self-Concept? , 1988, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

[12]  Dimensions of Brand Personality , 1997 .

[13]  D. Medin,et al.  FOLKBIOLOGY DOESN'T COME FROM FOLKPSYCHOLOGY: EVIDENCE FROM YUKATEK MAYA IN CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE , 2001 .

[14]  Grant Mccracken Who Is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process , 1989 .

[15]  H. Markus,et al.  Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. , 1997, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[16]  Jennifer Edson Escalas,et al.  Self‐Construal, Reference Groups, and Brand Meaning , 2005 .

[17]  D. Henard,et al.  Brand personality appeal: conceptualization and empirical validation , 2011 .

[18]  Jennifer Edson Escalas,et al.  You Are What They Eat: The Influence of Reference Groups on Consumers’ Connections to Brands , 2003 .

[19]  R. Baumeister,et al.  The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. , 1995, Psychological bulletin.

[20]  Edward Blair,et al.  Advertising to Bilinguals: Does the Language of Advertising Influence the Nature of Thoughts? , 2008 .

[21]  H. H. Kassarjian Personality and Consumer Behavior: A Review , 1971 .

[22]  José I. Rojas-Méndez,et al.  The Ford Brand Personality in Chile , 2004 .

[23]  H. Triandis,et al.  Individualism and Collectivism: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Self-ingroup Relationships We Wish to Thank Our Research Collaborators for Stimulating Ideas, Data, and Moral Support in Carrying out a Complex Set of Studies. They , 2022 .

[24]  Jan R. Landwehr,et al.  It's Got the Look: The Effect of Friendly and Aggressive “Facial” Expressions on Product Liking and Sales , 2011 .

[25]  N. Schwarz,et al.  The Right Angle: Visual Portrayal of Products Affects Observers' Impressions of Owners , 2012 .

[26]  P. Aggarwal,et al.  Is That Car Smiling at Me? Schema Congruity as a Basis for Evaluating Anthropomorphized Products , 2007 .

[27]  Oliver H. M. Yau,et al.  Chinese Cultural Values: Their Dimensions and Marketing Implications , 1988 .

[28]  V. Stathakopoulos,et al.  Standardization versus adaptation of international advertising strategies: Towards a framework , 1997 .

[29]  V. Benet‐Martínez,et al.  Consumption symbols as carriers of culture: a study of Japanese and Spanish brand personality constructs. , 2001 .

[30]  D. Medin,et al.  Cultural and experiential differences in the development of folkbiological induction , 2003 .

[31]  Shinobu Kitayama,et al.  Cultural Differences in Self-Evaluation , 2001 .

[32]  J. Botterill,et al.  From McLibel to McLettuce: childhood, spin and re‐branding , 2007 .

[33]  D. R. Lehman,et al.  Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? , 1999, Psychological review.

[34]  Jennifer Edson Escalas Narrative Processing: Building Consumer Connections to Brands , 2004 .

[35]  Carey K. Morewedge,et al.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Making Sense by Making Sentient : Effectance Motivation Increases , 2010 .

[36]  Spencer F. Tinkham,et al.  Brand Personality Structures in the United States and Korea: Common and Culture-Specific Factors , 2005 .

[37]  Edward F. McQuarrie,et al.  Personification in Advertising , 2011 .

[38]  J. Cacioppo,et al.  WHEN WE NEED A HUMAN: MOTIVATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF ANTHROPOMORPHISM , 2008 .

[39]  Bernd H. Schmitt,et al.  Culture-Dependent Assimilation and Differentiation of the Self , 2001 .

[40]  M. Sirgy,et al.  Moderators of the self-congruity effect on consumer decision-making: A meta-analysis , 2012 .

[41]  C. Chiu,et al.  Multicultural minds. A dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. , 2000 .

[42]  H. Tajfel Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations , 1982 .

[43]  Janet Chang,et al.  Acculturation, communication patterns, and self-esteem among Asian and Caucasian American adolescents. , 2003, Adolescence.

[44]  Jing Jiang,et al.  Influences of culture and market convergence on the international advertising strategies of multinational corporations in North America, Europe and Asia , 2012 .

[45]  J. Gerton,et al.  Psychological impact of biculturalism: evidence and theory. , 1993, Psychological bulletin.