STAND: A Decision Support System for the Management of Even-Aged Stands in Finland

A stand-level decision support system STAND can be used to study how forest management should change alongside changing goals. Such guidelines are laid down by a combined use of a simulation model and numerical optimization. The tree-level simulation model accommodates the relationships between management actions and outputs that the forest produces, while optimization searches for the best combination of management actions, through which the forest yields the best combination of multiple products and services. STAND’s specific feature is the possibility to deal with multiple objectives, risks, and risk preferences.