Nutraceuticals have potential for boosting the type 1 interferon response to RNA viruses including influenza and coronavirus

In light of worldwide concern regarding the recent outbreak of a deadly novel strain of coronavirus in China, it is fortuitous that two re-cent discoveries point the way to effective nutraceutical measures for potentiating the type 1 interferon response to RNA viruses. Activation of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) by single-stranded viral RNA trapped within endosomes provides a key stimulus to type 1 interferon

[1]  Yen-Hsu Chen,et al.  Sulforaphane Suppresses Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Up-Regulating Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression through PI3K/Nrf2 Pathway , 2016, PloS one.

[2]  V. Rimbau,et al.  C-phycocyanin: a biliprotein with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. , 2003, Current protein & peptide science.

[3]  J. DiNicolantonio,et al.  Glucosamine for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: The Time Has Come for Higher-Dose Trials , 2019, Journal of dietary supplements.

[4]  S. De Flora,et al.  Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment. , 1997, The European respiratory journal.

[5]  Bei Huang,et al.  RIG-1 and MDA-5 signaling pathways contribute to IFN-β production and viral replication in porcine circovirus virus type 2-infected PK-15 cells in vitro. , 2017, Veterinary microbiology.

[6]  Bin Bao,et al.  Zinc supplementation decreases incidence of infections in the elderly: effect of zinc on generation of cytokines and oxidative stress. , 2007, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[7]  Jian-Dong Jiang,et al.  heme oxygenase-1 agonist CoPP suppresses influenza virus replication through IRF3-mediated generation of IFN-α/β. , 2019, Virology.

[8]  D. Brooks,et al.  Novel endosomal NOX2 oxidase inhibitor ameliorates pandemic influenza A virus‐induced lung inflammation in mice , 2019, Respirology.

[9]  She Chen,et al.  TRAF3IP3 mediates the recruitment of TRAF3 to MAVS for antiviral innate immunity , 2019, The EMBO journal.

[10]  V. Vetvicka,et al.  Glucan supplementation enhances the immune response against an influenza challenge in mice. , 2015, Annals of translational medicine.

[11]  P. Leung.  The efficacy of Chinese medicine for SARS: a review of Chinese publications after the crisis. , 2007, The American journal of Chinese medicine.

[12]  P. Ghezzi,et al.  Protective effect of n-acetylcysteine in a model of influenza infection in mice. , 2000, International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology.

[13]  J. Xing,et al.  Selenium intake and metabolic balance of 10 men from a low selenium area of China. , 1985, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[14]  S. Bloc,et al.  Bilirubin decreases NOS2 expression via inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase: implications for protection against endotoxic shock in rats , 2005, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[15]  A. Grigorian.  ASSOCIATIONS OF MORTALITY WITH OCULAR DISORDERS AND AN INTERVENTION OF HIGH-DOSE ANTIOXIDANTS AND ZINC IN THE AGE-RELATED EYE DISEASE STUDY , 2004 .

[16]  C. Joo,et al.  Lysine 63-Linked TANK-Binding Kinase 1 Ubiquitination by Mindbomb E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 2 Is Mediated by the Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein , 2014, Journal of Virology.

[17]  M. McCarty,et al.  Clinical potential of Spirulina as a source of phycocyanobilin. , 2007, Journal of medicinal food.

[18]  M. Mccarty,et al.  Phycocyanin and phycocyanobilin from Spirulina platensis protect against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress. , 2013, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[19]  S. Shih,et al.  Well-tolerated Spirulina extract inhibits influenza virus replication and reduces virus-induced mortality , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[20]  M. Li,et al.  Contribution of endogenously expressed Trp1 to a Ca2+-selective, store-operated Ca2+ entry pathway. , 2001, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[21]  J. DiNicolantonio,et al.  An increased need for dietary cysteine in support of glutathione synthesis may underlie the increased risk for mortality associated with low protein intake in the elderly , 2015, AGE.

[22]  M. O'Connell,et al.  α-Lipoic Acid-Induced Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression Is Mediated by Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Human Monocytic Cells , 2005 .

[23]  X. Tang,et al.  Ferulic acid induces heme oxygenase-1 via activation of ERK and Nrf2. , 2011, Drug discoveries & therapeutics.

[24]  T. Clemons,et al.  Associations of mortality with ocular disorders and an intervention of high-dose antioxidants and zinc in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 13. , 2004, Archives of ophthalmology.

[25]  Trevor A. Mori,et al.  Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 In Vivo Suppresses NADPH Oxidase–Derived Oxidative Stress , 2007, Hypertension.

[26]  B. Bao,et al.  Zinc decreases C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects: a potential implication of zinc as an atheroprotective agent. , 2010, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[27]  P. Šíma,et al.  Beta Glucan: Supplement or Drug? From Laboratory to Clinical Trials , 2019, Molecules.

[28]  J. K. Kundu,et al.  Nrf2 as a Master Redox Switch in Turning on the Cellular Signaling Involved in the Induction of Cytoprotective Genes by Some Chemopreventive Phytochemicals , 2008, Planta medica.

[29]  P. Ghezzi,et al.  Synergistic Combination of N-Acetylcysteine and Ribavirin to Protect from Lethal Influenza Viral Infection in a Mouse Model , 2004, International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology.

[30]  Jing Yang,et al.  Sodium ferulate protects against influenza virus infection by activation of the TLR7/9-MyD88-IRF7 signaling pathway and inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. , 2019, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[31]  S. Blum,et al.  Host nutritional selenium status as a driving force for influenza virus mutations , 2001 .

[32]  S. Lewin,et al.  Endosomal NOX2 oxidase exacerbates virus pathogenicity and is a target for antiviral therapy , 2017, Nature Communications.

[33]  M. Mccarty,et al.  Ferulic acid may target MyD88-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling - Implications for the health protection afforded by whole grains, anthocyanins, and coffee. , 2018, Medical hypotheses.

[34]  F. Liu,et al.  MAVS O-GlcNAcylation Is Essential for Host Antiviral Immunity against Lethal RNA Viruses. , 2019, Cell reports.

[35]  H. Kai,et al.  Oral Administration of Glucosamine Improves Vascular Endothelial Function by Modulating Intracellular Redox State. , 2017, International heart journal.

[36]  C. Coban,et al.  Interferon-α induction through Toll-like receptors involves a direct interaction of IRF7 with MyD88 and TRAF6 , 2004, Nature Immunology.

[37]  L. Cherry,et al.  Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. , 2019, Complementary therapies in medicine.

[38]  R. Bartenschlager,et al.  The heme oxygenase 1 product biliverdin interferes with hepatitis C virus replication by increasing antiviral interferon response , 2010, Hepatology.

[39]  Shizuo Akira,et al.  Innate Antiviral Responses by Means of TLR7-Mediated Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA , 2004, Science.

[40]  G. Tempera,et al.  N-Acetylcysteine Synergizes with Oseltamivir in Protecting Mice from Lethal Influenza Infection , 2007, International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology.