Traits associated with central pain augmentation in the Knee Pain In the Community (KPIC) cohort

Abstract This study aimed to identify self-report correlates of central pain augmentation in individuals with knee pain. A subset of participants (n = 420) in the Knee Pain and related health In the Community (KPIC) baseline survey undertook pressure pain detection threshold (PPT) assessments. Items measuring specific traits related to central pain mechanisms were selected from the survey based on expert consensus, face validity, item association with underlying constructs measured by originating host questionnaires, adequate targeting, and PPT correlations. Pain distribution was reported on a body manikin. A “central pain mechanisms” factor was sought by factor analysis. Associations of items, the derived factor, and originating questionnaires with PPTs were compared. Eight self-report items measuring traits of anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, neuropathic-like pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain distribution, and cognitive impact were identified as likely indices of central pain mechanisms. Pressure pain detection thresholds were associated with items representing each trait and with their originating scales. Pain distribution classified as “pain below the waist additional to knee pain” was more strongly associated with low PPT than were alternative classifications of pain distribution. A single factor, interpreted as “central pain mechanisms,” was identified across the 8 selected items and explained variation in PPT (R2 = 0.17) better than did any originating scale (R2 = 0.10-0.13). In conclusion, including representative items within a composite self-report tool might help identify people with centrally augmented knee pain.

[1]  A. Lindblad,et al.  Persistent , 2020, Definitions.

[2]  S. Skou,et al.  Clinical descriptors for the recognition of central sensitization pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis , 2018, Disability and rehabilitation.

[3]  A. Beswick,et al.  Post-operative patient-related risk factors for chronic pain after total knee replacement: a systematic review , 2017, BMJ Open.

[4]  A. Valdes,et al.  Knee pain and related health in the community study (KPIC): a cohort study protocol , 2017, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.

[5]  J. Callaghan,et al.  Relationships among pain intensity, pain-related distress, and psychological distress in pre-surgical total knee arthroplasty patients: a secondary analysis , 2017, Psychology, health & medicine.

[6]  Jessica Kay Flake,et al.  The Purpose and Practice of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research: Decisions for Scale Development and Validation , 2017 .

[7]  A. Lindstrand,et al.  Preoperative Anxiety and Depression Correlate With Dissatisfaction After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study of 186 Patients, With 4-Year Follow-Up. , 2017, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[8]  R. Fillingim,et al.  Experimental pain phenotyping in community-dwelling individuals with knee osteoarthritis , 2016, Pain.

[9]  L. Arendt-Nielsen,et al.  Preoperative pain mechanisms assessed by cuff algometry are associated with chronic postoperative pain relief after total knee replacement , 2016, Pain.

[10]  I. Tracey,et al.  NEUROIMAGING EVIDENCE OF CENTRAL SENSITIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS , 2016 .

[11]  T. Neogi,et al.  The association of knee pain and knee osteoarthritis with incident widespread pain: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) Study , 2016 .

[12]  D. Falla,et al.  Expanded Distribution of Pain as a Sign of Central Sensitization in Individuals With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis , 2016, Physical Therapy.

[13]  N. Pendleton,et al.  The relationship between psychological distress and multiple tender points across the adult lifespan , 2016, Archives of gerontology and geriatrics.

[14]  A. Wright,et al.  Subjects with Knee Osteoarthritis Exhibit Widespread Hyperalgesia to Pressure and Cold , 2016, PloS one.

[15]  P. Stroman,et al.  FMRI of spinal and supra‐spinal correlates of temporal pain summation in fibromyalgia patients , 2016, Human brain mapping.

[16]  E. Ferguson,et al.  The development and evaluation of the paediatric index of emotional distress (PI-ED) , 2015, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.

[17]  T. Treuer,et al.  Predictive factors and clinical biomarkers for treatment in patients with chronic pain caused by osteoarthritis with a central sensitisation component , 2015, International journal of clinical practice.

[18]  Amish J. Dave,et al.  Is There an Association Between Whole-body Pain With Osteoarthritis-related Knee Pain, Pain Catastrophizing, and Mental Health? , 2015, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[19]  R. Edwards,et al.  Sleep, Pain Catastrophizing, and Central Sensitization in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients With and Without Insomnia , 2015, Arthritis care & research.

[20]  Yvonne C. Lee,et al.  A Mechanism-Based Approach to the Management of Osteoarthritis Pain , 2015, Current Osteoporosis Reports.

[21]  A. Okifuji,et al.  The association between chronic pain and obesity , 2015, Journal of pain research.

[22]  B. Fullen,et al.  Pain sensitization in people with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2015, Osteoarthritis and cartilage.

[23]  A. Ozdincler,et al.  Reliability and responsiveness of algometry for measuring pressure pain threshold in patients with knee osteoarthritis , 2015, Journal of physical therapy science.

[24]  B. Moreton,et al.  Pain Phenotype in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Classification and Measurement Properties of painDETECT and Self‐Report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Scale in a Cross‐Sectional Study , 2015, Arthritis care & research.

[25]  L. Arendt-Nielsen,et al.  Presurgical assessment of temporal summation of pain predicts the development of chronic postoperative pain 12 months after total knee replacement , 2015, Pain.

[26]  H. Bosworth,et al.  Clinic variation in recruitment metrics, patient characteristics and treatment use in a randomized clinical trial of osteoarthritis management , 2014, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.

[27]  J. Jordan,et al.  Associations Between Pressure–Pain Threshold, Symptoms, and Radiographic Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis , 2014, Arthritis care & research.

[28]  P. Borsa,et al.  Suprathreshold Heat Pain Response Predicts Activity-Related Pain, but Not Rest-Related Pain, in an Exercise-Induced Injury Model , 2014, PloS one.

[29]  A. Jette,et al.  Combining agreement and frequency rating scales to optimize psychometrics in measuring behavioral health functioning. , 2014, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[30]  Joseph C Cappelleri,et al.  Overview of classical test theory and item response theory for the quantitative assessment of items in developing patient-reported outcomes measures. , 2014, Clinical therapeutics.

[31]  D. Walton,et al.  Clinical Pressure Pain Threshold Testing in Neck Pain: Comparing Protocols, Responsiveness, and Association With Psychological Variables , 2014, Physical Therapy.

[32]  L. Arendt-Nielsen,et al.  Sensitivity and sensitisation in relation to pain severity in knee osteoarthritis: trait or state? , 2013, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[33]  T. Mayer,et al.  The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI): establishing clinically significant values for identifying central sensitivity syndromes in an outpatient chronic pain sample. , 2013, The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society.

[34]  L. Arendt-Nielsen,et al.  Relating clinical measures of pain with experimentally assessed pain mechanisms in patients with knee osteoarthritis , 2013, Scandinavian journal of pain.

[35]  R. Edwards,et al.  Discordance between pain and radiographic severity in knee osteoarthritis: findings from quantitative sensory testing of central sensitization. , 2013, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[36]  L. Arendt-Nielsen,et al.  Quantitative sensory testing in painful osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2012, Osteoarthritis and cartilage.

[37]  L. Arendt-Nielsen,et al.  Normalization of widespread hyperesthesia and facilitated spatial summation of deep-tissue pain in knee osteoarthritis patients after knee replacement. , 2012, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[38]  J. Mullington,et al.  Pain sensitivity and modulation in primary insomnia , 2012, European journal of pain.

[39]  M. Hochberg,et al.  Duloxetine added to oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treatment of knee pain due to osteoarthritis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial , 2011, Current medical research and opinion.

[40]  P. V. van Riel,et al.  Fatigue in knee and hip osteoarthritis: the role of pain and physical function. , 2011, Rheumatology.

[41]  A. Bailey,et al.  Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on Knee Osteoarthritis , 2011, Current pain and headache reports.

[42]  A. Davis,et al.  Neuropathic pain symptoms in a community knee OA cohort. , 2011, Osteoarthritis and cartilage.

[43]  Daniel J Clauw,et al.  The role of the central nervous system in the generation and maintenance of chronic pain in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia , 2011, Arthritis research & therapy.

[44]  M. McDonagh,et al.  The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia , 2011 .

[45]  A. Doehring,et al.  Effect Sizes in Experimental Pain Produced by Gender, Genetic Variants and Sensitization Procedures , 2011, PloS one.

[46]  C. Woolf.  Central sensitization: Implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain , 2011, PAIN.

[47]  D. Finn,et al.  The effect of pain on cognitive function: A review of clinical and preclinical research , 2011, Progress in Neurobiology.

[48]  Paul Dieppe,et al.  Persistent pain after joint replacement: Prevalence, sensory qualities, and postoperative determinants , 2011, PAIN®.

[49]  Stephen P. H. Alexander,et al.  Tonic Modulation of Spinal Hyperexcitability by the Endocannabinoid Receptor System in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis Pain , 2010, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[50]  D. Riddle,et al.  Preoperative Pain Catastrophizing Predicts Pain Outcome after Knee Arthroplasty , 2010, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[51]  C. Distefano,et al.  Understanding and Using Factor Scores: Considerations for the Applied Researcher , 2009 .

[52]  A. Carr,et al.  Psychophysical and functional imaging evidence supporting the presence of central sensitization in a cohort of osteoarthritis patients. , 2009, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[53]  J. Blumenthal,et al.  Pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear in osteoarthritis patients: relationships to pain and disability. , 2009, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[54]  Michael Tanzer,et al.  Psychological determinants of problematic outcomes following Total Knee Arthroplasty , 2009, Pain.

[55]  M. Bushnell,et al.  Mood Influences Supraspinal Pain Processing Separately from Attention , 2009, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[56]  G. Fava,et al.  The Illness Attitude Scales , 2008, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.

[57]  Ricky Mullis,et al.  A primary care back pain screening tool: identifying patient subgroups for initial treatment. , 2008, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[58]  M. Suarez‐Almazor,et al.  Development and preliminary psychometric testing of a new OA pain measure--an OARSI/OMERACT initiative. , 2008, Osteoarthritis and cartilage.

[59]  D. Fisher,et al.  Looks good but feels bad: factors that contribute to poor results after total knee arthroplasty. , 2007, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[60]  D. Sessler,et al.  The Evolution of Primary Hyperalgesia in Orthopedic Surgery: Quantitative Sensory Testing and Clinical Evaluation Before and After Total Knee Arthroplasty , 2007, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[61]  J. Lewsey,et al.  The role of pain and function in determining patient satisfaction after total knee replacement. Data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales. , 2007, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[62]  Julius Sim,et al.  Interrater Reliability of Scoring of Pain Drawings in a Self-Report Health Survey , 2005, Spine.

[63]  C. Jinks,et al.  "Pain elsewhere" and the impact of knee pain in older people. , 2005, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[64]  John M Lachin,et al.  The role of measurement reliability in clinical trials , 2004, Clinical trials.

[65]  Alyson Fox,et al.  Pain related behaviour in two models of osteoarthritis in the rat knee , 2004, Pain.

[66]  Bruce Levin,et al.  Statistical Inference for a Single Proportion , 2004 .

[67]  S. Stulberg,et al.  Prospective examination of pain-related and psychological predictors of CRPS-like phenomena following total knee arthroplasty: a preliminary study , 2003, Pain.

[68]  K. Muir,et al.  Home based exercise programme for knee pain and knee osteoarthritis: randomised controlled trial , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[69]  L. Arendt-Nielsen,et al.  Peripheral and central sensitization in musculoskeletal pain disorders: An experimental approach , 2002, Current rheumatology reports.

[70]  H. Schaible.  Mechanisms of pain in arthritis , 2002, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[71]  S. Linton,et al.  Can we screen for problematic back pain? A screening questionnaire for predicting outcome in acute and subacute back pain. , 1998, The Clinical journal of pain.

[72]  G. Crombez,et al.  Attention and somatic awareness in chronic pain , 1997, PAIN.

[73]  K. Muir,et al.  Screening for pain in knee osteoarthritis: which question? , 1996, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[74]  A. Silman,et al.  More pain, more tender points: is fibromyalgia just one end of a continuous spectrum? , 1996, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[75]  H. Schaible,et al.  N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptor antagonists block the hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons during development of acute arthritis in rat's knee joint. , 1993, Journal of neurophysiology.

[76]  P. Tugwell,et al.  The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. , 1990, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[77]  W. Conover.  Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions , 1974 .

[78]  Peter Kúš.  Experimental , 2019, Springer Theses.

[79]  S. Abram.  Duloxetine, a centrally acting analgesic, in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis knee pain: A 13-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial , 2010 .

[80]  J. W. Lewis,et al.  A note on concordance correlation coefficient. , 2000, PDA journal of pharmaceutical science and technology.

[81]  Scott R. Bishop,et al.  The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. , 1995 .

[82]  G. Huston.  The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. , 1987, The Journal of rheumatology.

[83]  D. Cicchetti,et al.  Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items: applications to assessment of adaptive behavior. , 1981, American journal of mental deficiency.