Section Review: Cardiovascular & Renal: Genetic therapies for vascular diseases and lipid disorders

In the early 1990s, gene therapy was considered to have applications solely in essential genetic deficiencies, such as monogenic lethal diseases. However, recognition of the tremendous potential of this technology has ensured that gene therapy is no longer perceived as a last chance therapy but, rather, as a promise for cure for a variety of complex and/or acquired lethal conditions, such as cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, for which medical need is largely unsatisfied and current therapies are often purely palliative. Increasing evidence now supports the principle that these diseases have a very strong genetic background. Although their clinical manifestations are often observed in the elderly population, genetic predisposition strongly influences the lifetime impact of other environmental factors. Proof of principle that complex diseases such as atherosclerosis could be altered by a single change in some dominant genetic factors was first obtained in transgenic animals. For example...

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