An Energy-Efficient Topology Control Algorithm for Earth Building Monitoring Using Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

An earth building is still popular in the villages of China, which should be carefully monitored in the wet and rainy area using new information technology, e.g., sensor networks. However, how to design an energy-efficient and robust scheme in the heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSN) is a critical issue, since the network should be long-time available and node failure may lead to data delivery unreliable and network collapse. In this paper, an energy-efficient topology control (EETC) algorithm is proposed for energy saving and load balancing of the network. In EETC, cluster heads are selected by the geometric method and well-distributed in the monitor area, while the non-cluster head members in each cluster are adjusted by Minimal Cost Maximal Flow (MCMF) so as to permit each cluster has the similar number of the cluster member. Furthermore, we design topology maintenance with partial adjustment using Breadth First Search (BFS) and shortest-path routing protocol in order to prolong the network lifetime. The simulation result shows that EETC is not only reliable to forward the data for HWSN but also has a longer lifetime than LEACH, EDFCM, EDCS, SPEZ and CREEP.

[1]  Adnan Yazici,et al.  An adaptive, energy-aware and distributed fault-tolerant topology-control algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks , 2016, Ad Hoc Networks.

[2]  Guanghui Li,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Clustering Topology Evolution Mechanism of Wireless Sensor Networks , 2018, IEEE Access.

[3]  Paolo Santi.  Topology control in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks , 2005 .

[4]  Xiang Cao,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Relay Node Placement in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[5]  Nasser Yazdani,et al.  Energy-efficient topology control in wireless ad hoc networks with selfish nodes , 2012, Comput. Networks.

[6]  Mohammad S. Obaidat,et al.  LA-MHR: Learning Automata Based Multilevel Heterogeneous Routing for Opportunistic Shared Spectrum Access to Enhance Lifetime of WSN , 2019, IEEE Systems Journal.

[7]  Yao Yu,et al.  Fault-tolerant routing mechanism based on network coding in wireless mesh networks , 2014, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[8]  Zhen Hong,et al.  Efficient and Dynamic Clustering Scheme for Heterogeneous Multi-level Wireless Sensor Networks , 2013 .

[9]  Fadi Al-Turjman,et al.  Optimizing Multipath Routing With Guaranteed Fault Tolerance in Internet of Things , 2017, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[10]  J. J. Serrano,et al.  Historical Building Monitoring Using an Energy-Efficient Scalable Wireless Sensor Network Architecture , 2011, Sensors.

[11]  Xiang-Yang Li,et al.  Localized topology control for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks , 2006, TOSN.

[12]  Li Yu,et al.  Design of Building Monitoring Systems Based on Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010, Wirel. Sens. Netw..

[13]  Xinbing Wang,et al.  Coverage and Energy Consumption Control in Mobile Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[14]  Michele Luvisotto,et al.  Distributed Clustering Strategies in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[15]  Suniti Dutt,et al.  Cluster-Head Restricted Energy Efficient Protocol (CREEP) for Routing in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks , 2018, Wireless Personal Communications.

[16]  Rui Wang,et al.  Energy-Efficient and Power-Optimal Topology Control with Potential Game for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conferences on Big Data and Cloud Computing (BDCloud), Social Computing and Networking (SocialCom), Sustainable Computing and Communications (SustainCom) (BDCloud-SocialCom-SustainCom).

[17]  Jie Wu,et al.  Algorithms for Fault-Tolerant Topology in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[18]  Ning Wang,et al.  A tree-based topology construction algorithm with probability distribution and competition in the same layer for wireless sensor network , 2017, Peer Peer Netw. Appl..

[19]  Bashir Alam,et al.  Stable Period Enhancement for Zonal (SPEZ)-Based Clustering in Heterogeneous WSN , 2018 .

[20]  Zhen Hong,et al.  A clustering-tree topology control based on the energy forecast for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks , 2016, IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica.

[21]  Anantha P. Chandrakasan,et al.  An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks , 2002, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[22]  Prasanta K. Jana,et al.  Energy efficient fault tolerant clustering and routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks , 2015, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[23]  R. B. Patel,et al.  EEHC: Energy efficient heterogeneous clustered scheme for wireless sensor networks , 2009, Comput. Commun..

[24]  M. Padmavathi,et al.  Traffic and Energy Aware Routing for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks , 2019 .

[25]  Meikang Qiu,et al.  Informer homed routing fault tolerance mechanism for wireless sensor networks , 2013, J. Syst. Archit..

[26]  Prabal Dutta,et al.  An energy-harvesting sensor architecture and toolkit for building monitoring and event detection , 2014, BuildSys@SenSys.

[27]  T. Torfs,et al.  Low Power Wireless Sensor Network for Building Monitoring , 2013, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[28]  Huang-Chia Shih,et al.  A robust occupancy detection and tracking algorithm for the automatic monitoring and commissioning of a building , 2014 .

[29]  Guangzhong Xie,et al.  A novel stable selection and reliable transmission protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks , 2010, Comput. Commun..