Active emulation circuits of fractional-order memristive elements and its applications

Abstract The paper investigates the effect of fractional-order parameters on the memristive features such as hysteresis lobe area, the number of pinched points, and their coordinates. In addition, the series-connected fractional-order inductor and capacitor with memristive elements are discussed where the coordinates of the pinched point move away from zero points as α changes. The second-and third-order memristive elements are studied, introducing more than one pinched point with a zero-crossing point in the i - v plane. Four different memristor ⧹ inverse memristors emulators are presented based on several active building blocks. The voltage- and current-controlled emulators are introduced employing the second-generation current conveyor (CCII) and analog multiplier (AM) with generalized impedances. Those emulators are employed to realize the higher-order memristive elements by adding another AM. Switched memristive emulation circuit is also presented based on the extra-x current controlled conveyor (EXCCCII) and two switches. The last introduced memristive emulator consists of one current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) and two BJT transistors. The introduced circuitry is simulated to validate the presented circuits using PSPICE simulations, and one of them is validated experimentally. Finally, the second-order memristor is employed in Chua’s chaotic oscillator as an application.

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