Bone remodeling induced by dental implants of functionally graded materials.

Functionally graded material (FGM) had been developed as a potential implant material to replace titanium for its improved capability of initial osseointegration. The idea behind FGM dental implant is that its properties can be tailored in accordance with the biomechanical needs at different regions adapting to its hosting bony tissues, therefore creating an improved overall integration and stability in the entire restoration. However, there have been very few reports available so far on predicting bone remodeling induced by FGM dental implants. This article aims to evaluate bone remodeling when replacing the titanium with a hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAP/Col) FGM model. A finite element model was constructed in the buccal-lingual section of a dental implant-bone structure generated from in vivo CT scan images. The remodeling simulation was performed over a 4 year healing period. Comparisons were made between the titanium implant and various FGM implants of this model. The FGM implants showed an improved bone remodeling outcome. The study is expected to provide a basis for future development of FGM implants.

[1]  Glaucio H. Paulino,et al.  Modeling bamboo as a functionally graded material: lessons for the analysis of affordable materials , 2006 .

[2]  R. B. Ashman,et al.  Relations of mechanical properties to density and CT numbers in human bone. , 1995, Medical engineering & physics.

[3]  H. S. Hedia,et al.  Design optimization of functionally graded dental implant. , 2004, Bio-medical materials and engineering.

[4]  J. Bernard,et al.  Etched implants: a comparative surface analysis of four implant systems. , 2004, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[5]  J. Bernard,et al.  Biological properties of acid etched titanium implants: effect of sandblasting on bone anchorage. , 2004, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[6]  H. Weber,et al.  A time-dependent healing function for immediate loaded implants. , 2004, Journal of biomechanics.

[7]  Wei Li,et al.  Towards automated 3D finite element modeling of direct fiber reinforced composite dental bridge. , 2005, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[8]  H. Watanabe,et al.  An improved solution to thermoelastic material design in functionally gradient materials: Scheme to reduce thermal stresses , 1993 .

[9]  Wei Li,et al.  Dental implant induced bone remodeling and associated algorithms. , 2009, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.

[10]  H. P. Lee,et al.  Thermal-mechanical study of functionally graded dental implants with the finite element method. , 2007, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[11]  J. Wolff.  The Law of Bone Remodelling , 1986, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[12]  Seeram Ramakrishna,et al.  Fibrous composite materials in dentistry and orthopaedics: review and applications , 2004 .

[13]  G. Watzek,et al.  Radiological and clinical follow-up of machined- and anodized-surface implants after mean functional loading for 33 months. , 2006, Clinical oral implants research.

[14]  G. Daculsi,et al.  Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and electron probe analysis of the interface between implants and host bone. Osseo-coalescence versus osseo-integration. , 1990, Scanning microscopy.

[15]  Min Wang,et al.  Functionally graded bioactive coatings of hydroxyapatite/titanium oxide composite system , 2002 .

[16]  H. Grootenboer,et al.  The behavior of adaptive bone-remodeling simulation models. , 1992, Journal of biomechanics.

[17]  G Van der Perre,et al.  The influence of bone mechanical properties and implant fixation upon bone loading around oral implants. , 1998, Clinical oral implants research.

[18]  J. Kent,et al.  Evaluation of hydroxylapatite-coated titanium dental implants in dogs. , 1987, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[19]  Li Shi,et al.  A mathematical model for simulating the bone remodeling process under mechanical stimulus. , 2007, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[20]  J Lindström,et al.  Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. , 1969, Scandinavian journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[21]  Michael V. Swain,et al.  Design optimization of functionally graded dental implant for bone remodeling , 2009 .

[22]  R. G. Craig.  Restorative dental materials , 1971 .

[23]  Hsuan-Yu Chou,et al.  Predictions of bone remodeling around dental implant systems. , 2008, Journal of biomechanics.

[24]  Subra Suresh,et al.  Functionally graded metals and metal-ceramic composites: Part 2 Thermomechanical behaviour , 1997 .

[25]  James Laney Williams,et al.  Anisotropic elasticity of cortical and cancellous bone in the posterior mandible increases peri-implant stress and strain under oblique loading. , 2001, Clinical oral implants research.

[26]  Jie Yang,et al.  A three-dimensional finite element study on the biomechanical behavior of an FGBM dental implant in surrounding bone. , 2007, Journal of biomechanics.

[27]  Haw-Ming Huang,et al.  Resonance frequency assessment of dental implant stability with various bone qualities: a numerical approach. , 2002, Clinical oral implants research.

[28]  C H Turner,et al.  Three rules for bone adaptation to mechanical stimuli. , 1998, Bone.

[29]  Motohiro Uo,et al.  Biocompatibility of materials and development to functionally graded implant for bio-medical application , 2004 .

[30]  H. S. Hedia.  Design of functionally graded dental implant in the presence of cancellous bone. , 2005, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[31]  Qing Li,et al.  Mandibular bone remodeling induced by dental implant. , 2010, Journal of biomechanics.

[32]  Motohiro Uo,et al.  Fabrication and properties of functionally graded dental implant , 1997 .

[33]  H. S. Hedia.  Effect of cancellous bone on the functionally graded dental implant concept. , 2005, Bio-medical materials and engineering.

[34]  R. Pidaparti,et al.  A uniform strain criterion for trabecular bone adaptation: do continuum-level strain gradients drive adaptation? , 1997, Journal of biomechanics.

[35]  I. Ichim,et al.  Restoration of non-carious cervical lesions Part I. Modelling of restorative fracture. , 2007, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[36]  I. Ichim,et al.  Restoration of non-carious cervical lesions Part II. Restorative material selection to minimise fracture. , 2007, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[37]  J. Bechtold,et al.  Loading improves anchorage of hydroxyapatite implants more than titanium implants. , 2001, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[38]  K. Søballe,et al.  Total hip replacement after medial-displacement osteotomy of the proximal part of the femur. , 1989, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.