Ventricular fluid somatostatin concentration decreases in childhood‐onset dystonia

Somatostatin was measured in CSF from individuals with a variety of neurologic diseases. In ventricular CSF, somatostatin concentration was significantly lower in individuals with childhood-onset dystonia than in individuals with other forms of dystonia or with other disorders. Severity of childhood dystonia correlated with somatostatin concentration, suggesting a progressive dysfunction of somatostatin-containing neurons with increasing disease severity. There were no significant differences in somatostatin concentration in lumbar CSF. Multiple forms of immunoreactive somatostatin were found in a pool of lumbar CSF from normal individuals. Labeled somatostatin administered intra-arterially to rats failed to cross the blood-brain barrier.

[1]  M. Berelowitz,et al.  THE PRESENCE OF IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE‐INHIBITING HORMONE IN NORMAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID , 1977, Clinical endocrinology.

[2]  S. Fahn.  High dosage anticholinergic therapy in dystonia , 1983, Neurology.

[3]  W. Zeman.  Pathology of the torsion dystonias (dystonia musculorum deformans) , 1970, Neurology.

[4]  W. Oldendorf.  Uptake of Radiolabeled Essential Amino Acids by Brain Following Arterial Injection , 1971, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[5]  C. B. Srikant,et al.  Somatostatin receptors: identification and characterization in rat brain membranes. , 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  S. Reichlin,et al.  Somatostatin in human cerebrospinal fluid. , 1977, The New England journal of medicine.

[7]  A. P. Hansen,et al.  Low cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin in Parkinson disease , 1982, Neurology.

[8]  Joseph B. Martin,et al.  Somatostatin is increased in the basal ganglia in Huntington disease , 1983, Annals of neurology.

[9]  S. Cajal,et al.  Reduced lumbar CSF somatostatin levels in Alzheimer's disease. , 1982, Life sciences.

[10]  William H. Oldendorf,et al.  [3H]Tryptamine and 3H-water as diffusible internal standards for measuring brain extraction of radio-labeled substances following carotid injection , 1976, Brain Research.

[11]  H. Bittiger,et al.  Central actions of somatostatin. , 1980, European journal of pharmacology.

[12]  A. P. Hansen,et al.  The origin of cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin: hypothalamic or disperse central nervous system secretion? , 1981, Neuroendocrinology.

[13]  B. Krisch.  Somatostatin-immunoreactive fiber projections into the brain stem and the spinal cord of the rat , 2004, Cell and Tissue Research.

[14]  R. Burke,et al.  Delayed-onset dystonia in patients with "static" encephalopathy. , 1980, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[15]  R. Katzman.,et al.  Reduced somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex from cases of Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer senile dementa , 1980, Nature.

[16]  P. Millard,et al.  Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptides in idiopathic senile dementia. , 1981, Gerontology.

[17]  Y. Agid,et al.  Somatostatin and dementia in Parkinson's disease , 1983, Brain Research.

[18]  A. P. Hansen,et al.  Low somatostatin content in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis , 1980, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[19]  E. Dooling,et al.  The pathological anatomy of posthemiplegic athetosis. , 1975, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[20]  B. Krisch.  Hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic distribution of somatostatin-immunoreactive elements in the rat brain , 1978, Cell and Tissue Research.

[21]  C. Nemeroff,et al.  Regional brain concentrations of neuropeptides in Huntington's chorea and schizophrenia. , 1983, Science.

[22]  D. Calne,et al.  Lesions of the putamen and dystonia , 1984, Neurology.

[23]  A. Schally,et al.  Radioimmunoassay for GH-Release Inhibiting Hormone 1 , 1975, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[24]  W Zeman,et al.  Dystonia: an overview. , 1976, Advances in neurology.

[25]  D. Rubinow,et al.  CSF somatostatin in affective illness. , 1983, Archives of general psychiatry.

[26]  A. P. Hansen,et al.  Somatostatin in the treatment of patients with extrapyramidal disorders and patients with EEG abnormalities , 1978, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[27]  L. Thal,et al.  Decreased ventricular fluid norepinephrine metabolite in childhood‐onset dystonia , 1983, Neurology.

[28]  F. Bloom,et al.  Calcium-dependent release of somatostatin and neurotensin from rat brain in vitro , 1978, Nature.

[29]  V. B. Domesick,et al.  Regional somatostatin distribution in the rat striatum , 1983, Brain Research.

[30]  P. Dyken,et al.  Dystonia musculorum deformans. Clinical, genetic and pathoanatomical studies. , 1967, Psychiatria, neurologia, neurochirurgia.

[31]  L. Iversen,et al.  Reduced amounts of immunoreactive somatostatin in the temporal cortex in senile dementia of Alzheimer type , 1980, Neuroscience Letters.