Formation of secondary organic aerosols from gas-phase emissions of heated cooking oils

Abstract. Cooking emissions can potentially contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) but remain poorly understood. In this study, formation of SOA from gas-phase emissions of five heated vegetable oils (i.e., corn, canola, sunflower, peanut and olive oils) was investigated in a potential aerosol mass (PAM) chamber. Experiments were conducted at 19–20 °C and 65–70 % relative humidity (RH). The characterization instruments included a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS). The efficiency of SOA production, in ascending order, was peanut oil, olive oil, canola oil, corn oil and sunflower oil. The major SOA precursors from heated cooking oils were related to the content of monounsaturated fat and omega-6 fatty acids in cooking oils. The average production rate of SOA, after aging at an OH exposure of 1. 7 × 1011 molecules cm−3 s, was 1. 35 ± 0. 30 µg min−1, 3 orders of magnitude lower compared with emission rates of fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) from heated cooking oils in previous studies. The mass spectra of cooking SOA highly resemble field-derived COA (cooking-related organic aerosol) in ambient air, with R2 ranging from 0.74 to 0.88. The average carbon oxidation state (OSc) of SOA was −1.51 to −0.81, falling in the range between ambient hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA), indicating that SOA in these experiments was lightly oxidized.

[1]  C. Chan,et al.  Emission of volatile organic compounds and production of secondary organic aerosol from stir-frying spices. , 2017, The Science of the total environment.

[2]  S. Pandis,et al.  Characterization of fresh and aged organic aerosol emissions from meat charbroiling , 2016 .

[3]  A. Prévôt,et al.  Indoor terpene emissions from cooking with herbs and pepper and their secondary organic aerosol production potential , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[4]  A. Prévôt,et al.  This is a repository copy of Characterization of Gas-Phase Organics Using Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry : Cooking Emissions , 2018 .

[5]  K. Tsigaridis,et al.  Non-OH chemistry in oxidation flow reactors for the study of atmospheric chemistry systematically examined by modeling , 2015 .

[6]  Xiang Ding,et al.  Secondary organic aerosol formation from photochemical aging of light-duty gasoline vehicle exhausts in a smog chamber , 2015 .

[7]  P. Louie,et al.  Characteristics of submicron particulate matter at the urban roadside in downtown Hong Kong—Overview of 4 months of continuous high‐resolution aerosol mass spectrometer measurements , 2015 .

[8]  I. Riipinen,et al.  Adsorptive uptake of water by semisolid secondary organic aerosols , 2015 .

[9]  D. Worsnop,et al.  Effect of oxidant concentration, exposure time, and seed particles on secondary organic aerosol chemical composition and yield , 2015 .

[10]  J. Jimenez,et al.  Modeling the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosols in Los Angeles during CalNex 2010 , 2014 .

[11]  A. Robinson,et al.  Secondary organic aerosol formation from in-use motor vehicle emissions using a potential aerosol mass reactor. , 2014, Environmental science & technology.

[12]  Edward Charles Fortner,et al.  Elemental ratio measurements of organic compounds using aerosol mass spectrometry: characterization, improved calibration, and implications , 2014 .

[13]  William M. Putman,et al.  Configuration and assessment of the GISS ModelE2 contributions to the CMIP5 archive , 2014 .

[14]  Christine Maddox,et al.  Secondary organic aerosol formation exceeds primary particulate matter emissions for light-duty gasoline vehicles , 2013 .

[15]  Xu Zhang,et al.  Determination of Size-Dependent Source Emission Rate of Cooking-Generated Aerosol Particles at the Oil-Heating Stage in an Experimental Kitchen , 2013 .

[16]  A. Robinson,et al.  Primary to secondary organic aerosol : evolution of organic emissions from mobile combustion sources , 2013 .

[17]  P K Hopke,et al.  PM2.5 and ultrafine particles emitted during heating of commercial cooking oils. , 2012, Indoor air.

[18]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Primary and secondary organic aerosols in Fresno, California during wintertime: Results from high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry , 2012 .

[19]  Sonia M. Kreidenweis,et al.  A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity – Part 3: Including surfactant partitioning , 2012 .

[20]  J. Schneider,et al.  Wintertime aerosol chemical composition and source apportionment of the organic fraction in the metropolitan area of Paris , 2012 .

[21]  P. Herckes,et al.  Characterization of aerosol and cloud water at a mountain site during WACS 2010: secondary organic aerosol formation through oxidative cloud processing , 2012 .

[22]  P. Massoli,et al.  Characterization of near-highway submicron aerosols in New York City with a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer , 2012 .

[23]  J. Peñuelas,et al.  Identification and quantification of organic aerosol from cooking and other sources in Barcelona using aerosol mass spectrometer data , 2011 .

[24]  A. Robinson,et al.  A two-dimensional volatility basis set - Part 2: Diagnostics of organic-aerosol evolution , 2011 .

[25]  P. Massoli,et al.  Laboratory studies of the chemical composition and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and oxidized primary organic aerosol (OPOA) , 2011 .

[26]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Changes in Organic Aerosol Composition with Aging Inferred from Aerosol Mass Spectra , 2022 .

[27]  Brian P. Frank,et al.  Characterization of the sources and processes of organic and inorganic aerosols in New York city with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass apectrometer , 2011 .

[28]  Jared D. Smith,et al.  Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol. , 2011, Nature chemistry.

[29]  D. Worsnop,et al.  Characterization of aerosol photooxidation flow reactors: heterogeneous oxidation, secondary organic aerosol formation and cloud condensation nuclei activity measurements , 2010 .

[30]  A. Presto,et al.  Functionalization vs. fragmentation: n-aldehyde oxidation mechanisms and secondary organic aerosol formation. , 2010, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[31]  D. Toohey,et al.  Dependence of SOA oxidation on organic aerosol mass concentration and OH exposure: experimental PAM chamber studies , 2010 .

[32]  John H. Seinfeld,et al.  Organic aerosol components observed in Northern Hemispheric datasets from Aerosol Mass Spectrometry , 2010 .

[33]  A. Fullana,et al.  Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils , 2010 .

[34]  J. Jimenez,et al.  A simplified description of the evolution of organic aerosol composition in the atmosphere , 2010 .

[35]  D. R. Worsnop,et al.  Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere , 2009, Science.

[36]  James D. Lee,et al.  Contributions from transport, solid fuel burning and cooking to primary organic aerosols in two UK cities , 2009 .

[37]  Jared D. Smith,et al.  Measurement of fragmentation and functionalization pathways in the heterogeneous oxidation of oxidized organic aerosol. , 2009, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[38]  John H. Seinfeld,et al.  The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues , 2009 .

[39]  Allen L. Robinson,et al.  Atmospheric organic particulate matter: From smoke to secondary organic aerosol , 2009 .

[40]  D. Blake,et al.  Airborne measurement of OH reactivity during INTEX-B , 2008 .

[41]  D. Toohey,et al.  under a Creative Commons License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Introducing the concept of Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) , 2007 .

[42]  W. Asher,et al.  SIMPOL.1: a simple group contribution method for predicting vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of multifunctional organic compounds , 2007 .

[43]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically‐influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes , 2007 .

[44]  Allen L Robinson,et al.  Rethinking Organic Aerosols: Semivolatile Emissions and Photochemical Aging , 2007, Science.

[45]  Katrin Fuhrer,et al.  Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[46]  M. Petters,et al.  A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity , 2006 .

[47]  M. Molina,et al.  Secondary organic aerosol formation from anthropogenic air pollution: Rapid and higher than expected , 2006 .

[48]  A L Robinson,et al.  Coupled partitioning, dilution, and chemical aging of semivolatile organics. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[49]  D. R. Worsnop,et al.  Hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols in Pittsburgh: insights into sources and processes of organic aerosols , 2005 .

[50]  Barry J. Huebert,et al.  A large organic aerosol source in the free troposphere missing from current models , 2005 .

[51]  R. Derwent,et al.  Simulating regional scale secondary organic aerosol formation during the TORCH 2003 campaign in the southern UK , 2005 .

[52]  James M. Roberts,et al.  Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002 , 2005 .

[53]  L. Morawska,et al.  Contribution from indoor sources to particle number and mass concentrations in residential houses , 2004 .

[54]  Roger Atkinson,et al.  Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds. , 2003, Chemical reviews.

[55]  A. Simopoulos,et al.  The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. , 2002, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[56]  J. Schauer,et al.  Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 4. C1-C27 organic compounds from cooking with seed oils. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[57]  G R Cass,et al.  Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 3. C1-C29 organic compounds from fireplace combustion of wood. , 2001, Environmental science & technology.

[58]  E. Grosjean,et al.  Rate constants for the gas‐phase reactions of ozone with unsaturated alcohols, esters, and carbonyls , 1993 .

[59]  H. Gardner.  Oxygen radical chemistry of polyunsaturated fatty acids. , 1989, Free radical biology & medicine.