Gene methylation patterns and expression.

Several lines of evidence strongly indicate that methylation of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides are implicated in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Transfection experiments have shown that methylation could inhibit gene transcription while inhibition of DNA methylase by the cytosine analog 5-azacytidine could induce gene reactivation. Furthermore, analysis of the methylation pattern of genes in different tissues has revealed in most cases the existence of a direct correlation between hypomethylation and gene activity (Razin and Cedar, 1991).

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