When Can Life Cycle Investors Benefit from Time-Varying Bond Risk Premia?

We study the importance of time-varying bond risk premia in a consumption and portfolio-choice problem for a life-cycle investor facing short-sales and borrowing constraints. Tilts in the optimal asset allocation in response to changes in bond risk premia exhibit pronounced life-cycle patterns. We find that the investor is willing to pay an annual fee up to 1% to implement a strategy that optimally conditions on prevailing bond risk premia in addition to her age and wealth. To solve our model, we extend recently developed simulation-based techniques to life-cycle problems featuring multiple state variables and multiple risky assets.

[1]  K. Singleton,et al.  Specification Analysis of Affine Term Structure Models , 1997 .

[2]  G. Duffee Term premia and interest rate forecasts in affine models , 2000 .

[3]  R. Bliss Testing Term Structure Estimation Methods , 1996 .

[4]  Asset Allocation with Endogenous Labor Income: The Case of Incomplete Markets , 2000 .

[5]  Luca Benzoni,et al.  Portfolio Choice Over the Life-Cycle when the Stock and Labor Markets are Cointegrated , 2007 .

[6]  Alessandro Sbuelz,et al.  Momentum and Mean Reversion in Strategic Asset Allocation , 2009, Manag. Sci..

[7]  Alex Weissensteiner,et al.  Asset-Liability Management Under Time-Varying Investment Opportunities , 2009 .

[8]  M. Lettau,et al.  Reconciling the Return Predictability Evidence , 2005 .

[9]  Luis M. Viceira,et al.  Optimal Portfolio Choice for Long-Horizon Investors with Nontradable Labor Income , 1999 .

[10]  Pascal J. Maenhout,et al.  Consumption and Portfolio Choice over the Life Cycle , 2005 .

[11]  N. Barberis Investing for the Long Run When Returns are Predictable , 2000 .

[12]  Theo Nijman,et al.  Appendix Describing the Numerical Method Used in 'When Can Life-Cycle Investors Benefit from Time-Varying Bond Risk Premia?' , 2007 .

[13]  Francisco J. Gomes,et al.  Optimal Life-Cycle Asset Allocation: Understanding the Empirical Evidence , 2003 .

[14]  Chris I. Telmer,et al.  Cyclical Dynamics in Idiosyncratic Labor Market Risk , 2004, Journal of Political Economy.

[15]  Luis M. Viceira,et al.  Who Should Buy Long-Term Bonds? , 1999 .

[16]  Yihong Xia,et al.  Dynamic Asset Allocation Under Inflation , 2000 .

[17]  Christian Gollier,et al.  Risk Vulnerability and the temper-ing E ect of Background Risk , 1996 .

[18]  J. Cochrane,et al.  Bond Risk Premia , 2002 .

[19]  Michael W. Brandt Estimating Portfolio and Consumption Choice: A Conditional Euler Equations Approach , 1999 .

[20]  D. Duffie,et al.  A Yield-factor Model of Interest Rates , 1996 .

[21]  R. C. Merton,et al.  Labor Supply Flexibility and Portfolio Choice in a Life-Cycle Model , 1992 .

[22]  T. Nijman,et al.  Optimal Portfolio Choice with Annuitization , 2006 .

[23]  Albert Marcet,et al.  Solving the Stochastic Growth Model by Parameterizing Expectations , 1990 .

[24]  J. Parker,et al.  Consumption Over the Life Cycle , 1999 .

[25]  Pierluigi Balduzzi,et al.  Transaction costs and predictability: some utility cost calculations , 1999 .

[26]  J. Cochrane,et al.  Decomposing the Yield Curve , 2009 .

[27]  Jessica A. Wachter Portfolio and Consumption Decisions under Mean-Reverting Returns: An Exact Solution for Complete Markets , 2001, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis.

[28]  Borrowing Costs and the Demand for Equity Over the Life Cycle , 2005 .

[29]  Steven J. Davis,et al.  Using Financial Assets to Hedge Labor Income Risks: Estimating the Benefits , 2000 .

[30]  A. Bergstrom CONTINUOUS TIME STOCHASTIC MODELS AND ISSUES OF AGGREGATION OVER TIME , 1984 .

[31]  Jessica A. Wachter Risk Aversion and Allocation to Long-Term Bonds , 2001, J. Econ. Theory.

[32]  Jérôme Detemple,et al.  Intertemporal asset allocation: A comparison of methods ☆ , 2005 .

[33]  Deborah Lucas,et al.  Portfolio Choice in the Presence of Background Risk , 2000 .

[34]  R. Koijen,et al.  Mortgage Timing , 2007 .

[35]  Pierluigi Balduzzi,et al.  Predictability and Transaction Costs: The Impact on Rebalancing Rules and Behavior , 1998 .

[36]  Luis M. Viceira,et al.  Spreading the Wealth Around: Reflections Inspired by Joe the Plumber , 1998 .

[37]  I. Welch,et al.  A Comprehensive Look at the Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction II , 2004, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[38]  Andrew Harvey,et al.  Forecasting, Structural Time Series Models and the Kalman Filter , 1990 .

[39]  Martin J. Gruber,et al.  Another Puzzle: The Growth in Actively Managed Mutual Funds , 1996 .

[40]  E. Farhi,et al.  The Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research Saving and Investing for Early Retirement: A Theoretical Analysis , 2004 .

[41]  David A. Chapman,et al.  Career Concerns and the Active Fund Manager's Problem , 2009 .

[42]  Francis A. Longstaff,et al.  Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach , 2001 .

[43]  Andrew Ang,et al.  The Term Structure of Real Rates and Expected Inflation , 2004 .

[44]  A. Lynch,et al.  First Draft : March 1999 This Draft : 25 May 2000 Portfolio Choice and Equity Characteristics : Characterizing the Hedging Demands Induced by Return Predictability , 2000 .

[45]  Luis M. Viceira,et al.  Consumption and Portfolio Decisions When Expected Returns are Time Varying , 1996 .

[46]  Frank de Jong,et al.  Time Series and Cross-section Information in Affine Term-Structure Models , 2000 .

[47]  Borrowing Costs and the Demand for Equity over the Life Cycle , 2006, The Review of Economics and Statistics.

[48]  Otto van Hemert Life-Cycle Housing and Portfolio Choice with Bond Markets , 2006 .

[49]  A. Lynch,et al.  Labor Income Dynamics at Business-Cycle Frequencies:Implications for Portfolio Choice , 2004 .

[50]  Jesús Fernández-Villaverde,et al.  A Generalization of the Endogenous Grid Method , 2007 .

[51]  C. Carroll,et al.  The Method of Endogenous Gridpoints for Solving Dynamic Stochastic Optimization Problems , 2006 .

[52]  J. Heaton,et al.  MARKET FRICTIONS, SAVINGS BEHAVIOR, AND PORTFOLIO CHOICE , 1997, Macroeconomic Dynamics.

[53]  K. Singleton,et al.  Expectation puzzles, time-varying risk premia, and affine models of the term structure , 2002 .

[54]  Andrew Ang,et al.  Stock Return Predictability: Is it There? , 2001 .

[55]  Gur Huberman,et al.  Offering vs. Choice in 401(k) Plans: Equity Exposure and Number of Funds , 2006 .