Simulating the local behavior of small pedestrian groups using synthetic-vision based steering approach

With the development of Computer Graphics and Virtual Reality technology, crowds in the virtual worlds have become increasingly lively and appealing. However, few existing methods take into account that pedestrians usually walk in small groups of twos and threes in real life, for instance, shopping couples and partners. Our research is based on dynamic behavior of small groups and the interaction between them. By using synthetic-vision based steering approach, combining with formation characteristics and deformation mode of small groups, we propose an approach to simulate the local behavior of small groups. Experiments show that our method can reproduce the local behavior of small groups in real life.

[1]  J. P. van den Berg Path planning in dynamic environments , 2007 .

[2]  Paolo Fiorini,et al.  Motion Planning in Dynamic Environments Using Velocity Obstacles , 1998, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[3]  Mark H. Overmars,et al.  Simulating and Evaluating the Local Behavior of Small Pedestrian Groups , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[4]  E. Goffman Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order , 1971 .

[5]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Autonomous pedestrians , 2007, Graph. Model..

[6]  Thierry Fraichard,et al.  Safe motion planning in dynamic environments , 2005, 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[7]  Wolfram Burgard,et al.  The dynamic window approach to collision avoidance , 1997, IEEE Robotics Autom. Mag..

[8]  James J. Kuffner,et al.  Multipartite RRTs for Rapid Replanning in Dynamic Environments , 2007, Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[9]  Stéphane Donikian,et al.  Experiment-based modeling, simulation and validation of interactions between virtual walkers , 2009, SCA '09.

[10]  N. M. Steiger,et al.  2005: Tutorial on Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation , 2005 .

[11]  Dani Lischinski,et al.  Crowds by Example , 2007, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[12]  Stéphane Donikian,et al.  A synthetic-vision based steering approach for crowd simulation , 2010, ACM Transactions on Graphics.

[13]  Thierry Siméon,et al.  A PRM-based motion planner for dynamically changing environments , 2004, 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566).

[14]  Dirk Helbing,et al.  Simulating dynamical features of escape panic , 2000, Nature.

[15]  D. Helbing,et al.  The Walking Behaviour of Pedestrian Social Groups and Its Impact on Crowd Dynamics , 2010, PloS one.

[16]  Jur P. van den Berg,et al.  Anytime path planning and replanning in dynamic environments , 2006, Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2006. ICRA 2006..

[17]  Craig W. Reynolds Flocks, herds, and schools: a distributed behavioral model , 1998 .

[18]  John James,et al.  The Equilibrium Size Distribution of Freely-Forming Groups , 1961 .

[19]  Mark H. Overmars,et al.  A Predictive Collision Avoidance Model for Pedestrian Simulation , 2009, MIG.

[20]  Craig W. Reynolds Steering Behaviors For Autonomous Characters , 1999 .

[21]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Controlling individual agents in high-density crowd simulation , 2007, SCA '07.

[22]  Zbigniew Michalewicz,et al.  Path Planning in Dynamic Environments , 2005, Innovations in Robot Mobility and Control.

[23]  John Funge,et al.  Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters , 1999, SIGGRAPH.

[24]  Mark H. Overmars,et al.  Simulating Human Collision Avoidance Using a Velocity-Based Approach , 2010, VRIPHYS.

[25]  John Vannoy Real-time Planning of Mobile Manipulation in Dynamic Environments of Unknown Changes , 2006 .

[26]  Dinesh Manocha,et al.  Reciprocal n-Body Collision Avoidance , 2011, ISRR.

[27]  Wentong Cai,et al.  Crowd modeling and simulation technologies , 2010, TOMC.

[28]  Paul A. Braren,et al.  How We Avoid Collisions With Stationary and Moving Obstacles , 2004 .

[29]  Dinesh Manocha,et al.  Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles for real-time multi-agent navigation , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[30]  Jean-Claude Latombe,et al.  Randomized Kinodynamic Motion Planning with Moving Obstacles , 2002, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[31]  Dimitris N. Metaxas,et al.  Eurographics/ Acm Siggraph Symposium on Computer Animation (2007) Group Behavior from Video: a Data-driven Approach to Crowd Simulation , 2022 .