Wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators connected to a power grid: Existing perspective and future aspects

Scholars are motivated to work in the field of renewable energy systems (RESs) especially on grid-connected wind generators because of the exciting and noticeable developments going on in this area. This progress is utilized to obtain the maximal, efficient, and stable electric power from the RESs and integrating it into existing systems to improve its efficiency, stability, reliability, and overall power quality. Recently, permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) have become the main pillar of advanced wind systems thanks to their fascinating pluses over other types of wind generators. This paper presents the up-to-date trends in converter topologies, control approaches, maximal power production methods, and grid integration issues for PMSG-based wind systems. The performed statistical analyses assure the dominance of the two-level back-to-back converter among the studied power converter topologies, field-oriented control method for the machine side converter, voltage oriented control method for the grid side converter control, perturb and observe algorithm amongst the studied maximum power point techniques, and fault ride-through capability out of grid integration issues. Further, recent general trends in technological advancements for PMSG wind system components are illustrated as a pie chart in terms of percentage figures. It is expected that the researchers working in this field would benefit from this article in terms of the presented state-of-the-art statistical analyses and its related literature given in this study.

[1]  Smail Zouggar,et al.  PSIM and Matlab Co-simulation of a Sensorless MPPT for PMSG Wind Turbine Using a Fuzzy Logic Controller , 2020 .

[2]  Mojtaba Mohammadi Nasiri,et al.  Peak Current Limitation for Grid Side Inverter by Limited Active Power in PMSG-Based Wind Turbines During Different Grid Faults , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[3]  Hossam S. Salama,et al.  Design and implementation of FLC system for fault ride-through capability enhancement in PMSG-wind systems , 2020, Wind Engineering.

[4]  Benzaouia Soufyane,et al.  A Comparative Investigation and Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms Applied to Wind Electric Water Pumping System , 2018 .

[5]  Piotr Gajewski,et al.  Advanced control of direct-driven PMSG generator in wind turbine system , 2016 .

[6]  A. Banerjee,et al.  Harmonic Analysis of State Vector Pulse Width Modulated Vienna Rectifier , 2018, 2018 2nd International Conference on Power, Energy and Environment: Towards Smart Technology (ICEPE).

[7]  E. MOUSAREZAEE,et al.  Wind Turbine Emulator Based on Small-Scale PMSG by Fuzzy FOC , 2020, 2020 21st International Symposium on Electrical Apparatus & Technologies (SIELA).

[8]  Tao Yu,et al.  Adaptive fractional-order PID control of PMSG-based wind energy conversion system for MPPT using linear observers , 2018, International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems.

[9]  S. P. Gawande,et al.  Performance of PMSG Based Variable Speed WECS with Parallel Back-to-Back Converters Using Separate Zero d-axis Current Control , 2018, 2018 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES).

[10]  Xiaolian Zhang,et al.  An Improved Adaptive-Torque-Gain MPPT Control for Direct-Driven PMSG Wind Turbines Considering Wind Farm Turbulences , 2016 .

[11]  Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud,et al.  Fault Ride-Through Capability Enhancement For Grid-Connected Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Driven by Wind Turbines , 2019, 2019 IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Renewable Energy (CPERE).

[13]  Billel Meghni,et al.  An Optimal Torque Control based on Effective Tracking Range for MPPT of Wind Power Generation Systems Based on PMSG , 2020 .

[14]  Mohamed Benbouzid,et al.  Application of multi‐step bridge‐type fault current limiter for fault ride‐through capability enhancement of permanent magnet synchronous generator‐based wind turbines , 2020 .

[16]  H. Chaikhy,et al.  MPPT Control for Wind Energy Conversion System Based on a T-S Fuzzy , 2018 .

[17]  A. Vijayakumari,et al.  Development of a comprehensive MPPT for grid‐connected wind turbine driven PMSG , 2019 .

[18]  Hailiya Ahsan,et al.  Modelling and stability investigations of an aggregate wind farm–fed multi-machine system , 2020, Wind Engineering.

[19]  M. Negnevitsky,et al.  A Control Strategy for Output Maximisation of a PMSG-Based Variable-Speed Wind Turbine , 2008, AUPEC 2008.

[20]  E. G. Shehata,et al.  A comparative study of current control schemes for a direct-driven PMSG wind energy generation system , 2017 .

[21]  Jianguo Zhu,et al.  A review of offshore wind turbine nacelle: Technical challenges, and research and developmental trends , 2014 .

[22]  Mojtaba Mohammadi Nasiri,et al.  Current limitation for the machine side converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbines during grid faults , 2020, IET Renewable Power Generation.

[24]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Coordinated control strategy for hybrid wind farms with DFIG-based and PMSG-based wind farms during network unbalance , 2017 .

[25]  Mohamed M. Aly,et al.  Dynamic evaluation of optimization techniques–based proportional–integral controller for wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator , 2020 .

[26]  S Sachin,et al.  Study of Grid Connected Wind Energy System with Fuzzy Logic Based MPPT Controller , 2018, ICRA 2018.

[27]  Jorge Maldonado-Correa,et al.  Wind Energy Forecasting with Artificial Intelligence Techniques: A Review , 2019 .

[28]  Mohsen Rahimi,et al.  Modeling, control and stability analysis of grid connected PMSG based wind turbine assisted with diode rectifier and boost converter , 2017 .

[29]  Jorge O. Estima,et al.  A Comparative Analysis of PMSG Drives Based on Vector Control and Direct Control Techniques for Wind Turbine Applications , 2012 .

[30]  O. P. Rahi,et al.  Contribution of wind power plants in grid frequency regulation: Current perspective and future challenges: , 2020 .

[31]  Ralph Kennel,et al.  Finite Position Set-Phase Locked Loop for Sensorless Control of Direct-Driven Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[32]  A. Bentounsi,et al.  Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-MATLAB Modeling , 2017 .

[33]  Jiawei Li,et al.  Coordinated control of a hybrid wind farm with PMSG and FSIG during asymmetrical grid fault , 2018 .

[34]  Marcelo Lobo Heldwein,et al.  10-MW Direct-Drive PMSG-Based Wind Energy Conversion System Model , 2020, 2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL).

[35]  Mohamed M. Aly,et al.  Enhancing the dynamic performance of a wind-driven PMSG implementing different optimization techniques , 2020, SN Applied Sciences.

[36]  Youcef Belkhier,et al.  Passivity-Based Voltage Control Design of Grid Connected Wind Turbine With PMSG , 2020, 2020 IEEE ANDESCON.

[37]  L. E. Amraoui,et al.  Modeling and control of direct-drive PMSG-based offshore wind turbine under rigorous wind conditions , 2020, 2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon).

[38]  Shraddha Hule,et al.  Study of Speed Control of ACIM Using Indirect Field Oriented Control , 2019 .

[39]  Tripura Pidikiti,et al.  Modelling and simulation of ZDC controlled PMSG based wind energy conversion system , 2018 .

[40]  Zheng Wang,et al.  Improvement of Operating Performance for the Wind Farm With a Novel CSC-Type Wind Turbine-SMES Hybrid System , 2013 .

[41]  Y. Harbouche,et al.  DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL ( DTC-SVM ) OF PMSG BASED IN WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM , 2019 .

[42]  Jafar Milimonfared,et al.  A review of low-voltage ride-through enhancement methods for permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind turbines , 2015 .

[43]  Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud,et al.  Behavior of PMSG Wind Turbines with Active Crowbar Protection Under Faults , 2019, 2019 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT).

[44]  Ling Xu,et al.  Conventional and novel control designs for direct driven PMSG wind turbines , 2010 .

[45]  Bin Wu,et al.  PMSG-based wind energy conversion systems: survey on power converters and controls , 2017 .

[46]  Jun Li,et al.  A New Nine-Level Active NPC (ANPC) Converter for Grid Connection of Large Wind Turbines for Distributed Generation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[47]  Sadegh Vaez-Zadeh,et al.  Combined Control of Machine & Grid Side Converters for PMSGs in Wind Energy Conversion Systems with Fast and Robust Performance , 2020, 2020 11th Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC).

[48]  Shuhui Li,et al.  Optimal and Direct-Current Vector Control of Direct-Driven PMSG Wind Turbines , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[49]  Bin Wu,et al.  High-power wind energy conversion systems: State-of-the-art and emerging technologies , 2015, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[50]  Bin Wu,et al.  Control of Pmsg Wecs with Back‐to‐Back Connected Converters , 2017 .

[51]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Control of Wind Turbine System , 2018 .

[52]  Xu Cai,et al.  A Modified Switching Control Strategy for Low-Voltage Faults in a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Turbine System , 2015 .

[53]  A. Fekih,et al.  Small-Signal Modeling of PMSG-Based Wind Turbine for Low Voltage Ride-Through and Artificial Intelligent Studies , 2020, Energies.

[54]  Jafar Milimonfared,et al.  Modeling, analysis and comparison of TSR and OTC methods for MPPT and power smoothing in permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbines , 2014 .

[55]  Atsushi Yona,et al.  A Hybrid Control Method for Output Power Smoothing of a PMSG-Based WECS , 2012 .

[56]  Tjprc,et al.  A Survey on Multilevel Inverter Topologies and Control Schemes with Harmonic Elimination , 2020 .

[57]  Jitendra Parmar,et al.  Design Fuzzy based PI Controller for PMSG and IG based Combined WECS , 2019, 2019 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT).

[58]  Said El Beid,et al.  New MPPT control for wind conversion system based PMSG and a comparaison to conventionals approachs , 2017, 2017 14th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD).

[59]  O. Apata,et al.  Improving The Dynamic Performance Of Grid Connected Fixed Speed Wind Farm Using Variable Speed Wind Turbines , 2020, 2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica.

[60]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons , 2008 .

[61]  Jiabing Hu,et al.  Electrical machines and power‐electronic systems for high‐power wind energy generation applications: Part II – power electronics and control systems , 2012 .

[62]  Lin Jiang,et al.  Residue Theorem Based Sensorless Maximum Power Point Tracking Tip Speed Ratio Control for Wind Generation System , 2019, 2019 SoutheastCon.

[63]  Mohd. Hasan Ali,et al.  Future research directions for the wind turbine generator system , 2015 .

[64]  Sandrine Le Ballois,et al.  Robust Control and Harmonics Modeling of a PMSG for a 1.5 MW Wind Turbine , 2020, 2020 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM).

[65]  Hong Cheng,et al.  Evaluation and Comprehensive Comparison of H-Bridge-Based Bidirectional Rectifier and Unidirectional Rectifiers , 2020 .