Responses to Leishmania donovani in Mice Deficient in Interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-12/IL-23, or IL-18

ABSTRACT Interleukin-12 (IL-12) orchestrates acquired resistance in intracellular Leishmania donovani infection in the liver, inducing gamma interferon and, in turn, macrophage activation and parasite killing. Nevertheless, testing in IL-18−/− mice compared to wild-type mice and in IL-12p40−/− compared to IL-12p35−/− mice also suggested both early-acting (IL-18) and late-acting (IL-23) antileishmanial effects independent of IL-12.

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