Developing short duration mungbean genotypes suitable for rice-wheat cropping system

The research work was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) in Ludhiana and AVRDC in Taiwan by PAU Scientists during summer and Kharif seasons 2002 and 2003 under the DFID Mungbean project "Improving Income and Nutrition by Incorporating Mungbean in Cereal-Fallows in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia." A number of trials were conducted to identify cultivars suitable for farmers and adoption in rice-wheat cropping system. New variety SML 668 was identified to be very stable in yield performance with synchronous and early maturity, bold and shining seeds. It was also tolerant to mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease and thrips, a very serious pest of summer season crop. Thus, based on its superior performance, this new variety was approved and recommended for cultivation not only in summer season but also in Kharif season. Hence it is the first ever variety approved for general cultivation in both the seasons in Punjab State. Apart from this, some other strains were also found promising. New breeding populations were generated and evaluated for the continuity of future research work on mungbean. New crosses between the local superior, MYMVresistant lines and early maturing, bold-seeded genotypes from AVRDC were successfully made. Inheritance studies on MYMV-resistance also indicated that, depending on the genetic make up of the plant, resistance is governed by a single dominant gene and two complementary genes (YM 1 or YM 2). Hardseedness studies indicated that small-seeded genotypes possess more hardseeds compared with the bold seeded types. In the studies on effect of aging on hardseededness, it was observed that in all three seasons, i.e. spring, summer and autumn, there was a reduction in the percentage of hardseeds in some genotypes when stored in controlled conditions (Temp. 18 C + 2 & RH 45%). It was also found out that large-seeded cultivars can be stored safely for a longer period compared with small-seeded ones. DNA fingerprinting studies by RAPD markers in 21 and 32 genotypes of diverse origin, in 2002 and 2003 respectively, showed diversity among themselves but revealed narrow genetic base. India 62 Final Workshop and Planning Meeting on Mungbean

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