Color-signal filtering in the Fourier-frequency domain.

We have analyzed the Fourier-frequency content of spectral power distributions deriving from three types of illuminants (daylight, incandescent, and fluorescent) and the color signals from both biochrome and nonbiochrome surfaces lit by these illuminants. As far as daylight and the incandescent illuminant are concerned, after filtering the signals through parabolic (low-pass) filters in the Fourier-frequency domain and then reconstructing them, we found that most of the spectral information was contained below 0.016 c/nm. When fluorescent illuminants were involved, we were unable to recover either the original illuminants or color signals to any satisfactory degree. We also used the spectral modulation sensitivity function, which is related to the human visual system's color discrimination thresholds, as a Fourier-frequency filter and obtained consistently less reliable results than with low-pass filtering. We provide comparative results for daylight signals recovered by three different methods. We found reconstructions based on linear models to be the most effective.

[1]  José A. García,et al.  Measurements of the spectral modulation sensitivity function for two normal observers with CRT monitors , 1997 .

[2]  J. H. Hateren.  Spatial, temporal and spectral pre-processing for colour vision , 1993 .

[3]  Leo Maurice Hurvich,et al.  Color vision , 1981 .

[4]  Michael H. Brill.  A non-PC look at principal components , 2003 .

[5]  S. J.P..  Characteristic spectra of Munsell colors , 2002 .

[6]  L. Maloney.  Evaluation of linear models of surface spectral reflectance with small numbers of parameters. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[7]  Juan Nieves,et al.  Analysis of colour-vision mechanisms in the chromatic-frequency domain , 1995 .

[8]  M. H. Brill,et al.  Analysis of human color mechanisms using sinusoidal spectral power distributions. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[9]  J. Hernández-Andrés,et al.  Color and spectral analysis of daylight in southern Europe. , 2001, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[10]  Roy S. Berns,et al.  Comparative Study of Metrics for Spectral Match Quality , 2002, CGIV.

[11]  D. B. Judd,et al.  Spectral Distribution of Typical Daylight as a Function of Correlated Color Temperature , 1964 .

[12]  J. Romero,et al.  Mathematical reconstruction of color-matching functions , 1990, Optical Society of America Annual Meeting.

[13]  Graham D. Finlayson.  Spectral Sharpening: What is it and why is it important? , 2002, CGIV.

[14]  E. Valero,et al.  Study of colour discrimination with comb-filtered spectra , 2001, Vision Research.

[15]  José A. García,et al.  Measurements of sensitivity to simulated chromatic frequencies for normal and dichromatic observers , 1998 .

[16]  V Bonnardel,et al.  Daylight, biochrome surfaces, and human chromatic response in the Fourier domain. , 2000, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[17]  H. Barlow,et al.  Fast determination of the spectral modulation sensitivity function: a comparison between trichromats and deuteranopes , 1997 .

[18]  V. Bonnardel,et al.  A frequency view of colour: measuring the human sensitivity to square-wave spectral power distributions , 1991, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[19]  J. Mollon.  Color vision. , 1982, Annual review of psychology.

[20]  H. Barlow.  What causes trichromacy? A theoretical analysis using comb-filtered spectra , 1982, Vision Research.

[21]  J. Parkkinen,et al.  Characteristic spectra of Munsell colors , 1989 .

[22]  W. Stiles,et al.  Counting metameric object-color stimuli using frequency-limited spectral reflectance functions , 1977 .

[23]  G D Finlayson,et al.  Color constancy at a pixel. , 2001, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[24]  Javier Romero,et al.  Human processing of colour information in the chromatic-frequency domain , 1995, Vision Research.

[25]  G. Buchsbaum,et al.  Chromaticity coordinates of frequency-limited functions. , 1984, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[26]  Brian A. Wandell,et al.  The Synthesis and Analysis of Color Images , 1992, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[27]  J. Goodman.  Introduction to Fourier optics , 1969 .

[28]  Ron Gershon,et al.  Measurement and Analysis of Object Reflectance Spectra , 1994 .

[29]  Stephen Westland,et al.  Colour-Imager Characterization by Parametric Fitting of Sensor Responses , 2001 .

[30]  J. Mollon,et al.  Measurements of Human Sensitivity to Comb-filtered Spectra , 1996, Vision Research.

[31]  Javier Hernández-Andrés,et al.  Color Coordinates of Objects with Daylight Changes , 2003 .