Mapping the Commons: The Social Context of Spatial Information Technologies

Spatial information technologies include everything from simple sketch maps and three-dimensional models to complex remote sensing image-analysis software, global positioning satellites (GPSs), and geographic information systems (GISs). Sketch maps can be drawn with a stick in the sand, with pencil and paper, or with blood on boards; three-dimensional models add a third, topographic dimension; and images—aerial and satellite—are now used to define space. Survey maps are spatially accurate but labor intensive and expensive. More recently, GPS systems for surveying remote places and GISs for integrating the various layers of information into seamless pictures of reality have made it possible to explore spatial relationships in wholly new ways. Given the variety of forms, especially image representations, that maps can take, spatial information is a more accurate generic term for these systems of recording, analyzing, and presenting spatial data.

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