Ancillary services for renewable integration

Renewable portfolio targets have been established in many regions around the world. Regional targets such as 20% renewable energy by year 2020 and 30% by year 2030 are not uncommon. With increasing penetration and reliance on renewable resources have come heightened operational concerns over maintaining system balance. Ancillary services, such as operating reserves, imbalance energy, and frequency regulation, are necessary to support renewable energy integration, particularly the integration of intermittent resources. Without supporting ancillary services as identified in the paper, increased risk to system imbalance is introduced by the uncertainty of renewable generation availability, especially in systems with significant penetration of resources powered by intermittent supply, such as wind and solar.