Bio-Nanorobotics: Mimicking Life at the Nanoscale

Nanotechnology can be defined as a description of matters at nanometer scale and its applications at that scale. According to the tiny size of features (1–100 nm), the capability of measuring, manipulating, and assembling are still challenges that are not easy to overcome. Automatic molecular-size manufacturing could be a solution for this, and the concept of nanorobot was born which had been termed by Freitas [1, 2]. A basic nanorobot is a controllable nanometer/molecular-scale device which is combined, designed, manufactured, and programmed with components at the nano-scale along with input forces and information. In the other words, nanorobotics is a very new potential area of nanotechnology that is basically identified the type of nanotechnology engineering of designing, building and fabricating machines, and devices or robots reached the scale of nanometers [3, 4]. Nanorobots functionalities are capable of operation, sense, signaling, information processing or automatic intelligence handling that could be utilized individually or in combinations in a nanorobot. Nanorobots thereby have the abilities to interact and impact to matter, and perform the selected functions at the nano scale. Some of nanorobot abilities that are needed for functioning may include automatic intelligence handling, self-assembly and replication, information processing and programmability at the nano-scale and nano-interface structure. There are studies that having been conducted about the significance and how to molecular construct a nanorobot as well as the applications in not only medical and environmental area but also to field of space. For example, in the field of nanomedicine, with the effective drug delivery, repairing cells or especially fighting tumor cells, nanorobots are a promising solution for upgrading the medical industry [1, 2] and an emerging area in nanotechnology research.

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