Coupling Boltzmann and Navier-Stokes Equations by Friction

The aim of this paper is to introduce and validate a coupled Navier?Stokes Boltzman approach for the calculation of hypersonic rarefied flows around manoeuvering vehicles. The proposed strategy uses locally a kinetic model in the boundary layer coupled through wall friction forces to a global Navier?Stokes solver. Dif_ferent numerical experiments illustrate the potentialities of the method.

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