Messung von digitalem Stress im organisationalen Umfeld: Erfahrungen aus einer Fallstudie

Digitaler Stress ist eine Form von Stress, die aus der Interaktion mit Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien sowie deren Allgegenwärtigkeit in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft resultiert. Digitaler Stress ist weit verbreitet und hat weitreichende negative Konsequenzen, wie etwa verringerte Zufriedenheit am Arbeitsplatz oder Burnout. Bislang ist die Erforschung von digitalem Stress vor allem auf Untersuchungen in Laborumgebungen sowie Online-Umfragen beschränkt. In diesem Artikel fokussieren wir auf einen anderen Forschungsansatz, nämlich Feldforschung. Es werden Methoden verglichen, die zur Erforschung von digitalem Stress am Arbeitsplatz eingesetzt werden können. Konkret wurden in einer Fallstudie über drei Arbeitswochen folgende Messinstrumente eingesetzt: Online-Fragebogen, Online-Tagebuch, Brustgurt zur Aufzeichnung der Herzschlagfrequenz sowie Gerät zur Messung von Blutdruck am Handgelenk. Insgesamt 16 Teilnehmer aus der Fallstudienorganisation nutzten diese Messinstrumente weitgehend selbständig, so dass Interventionen der beteiligten Forscher auf ein Mindestmaß reduziert werden konnten. Auf Basis der gewonnen Erkenntnisse werden die eingesetzten Methoden auf der Basis von sechs Gütekriterien (Reliabilität, Validität, Sensitivität, Diagnostizität, Objektivität, Aufdringlichkeit) verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass jedes Messinstrument Stärken und Schwächen hat. Daraus folgt, dass zur praxisorientierten Erforschung von digitalem Stress ein Methoden-Mix angewendet werden sollte. Digital stress is a form of stress, which is caused by interaction with information and communication technologies and by their omnipresence in economy and society. This phenomenon is highly prevalent and it has substantial negative consequences such as reduced job satisfaction or burnout. So far, research on digital stress has been mostly confined to laboratory environments and online surveys. In this article, we focus on another research approach, namely field research. We compare methods that can be used to investigate digital stress in the workspace. Specifically, we conducted a case study over three workweeks using the following measurement methods: online surveys, online diary, a chest belt to measure heart rate and a device to measure blood pressure on the wrist. A total of 16 participants in the case organization used these measurement methods widely autonomously resulting in a minimal need for intervention by the researchers. Based on the experiences gathered through this case, the applied methods are compared using six criteria (i.e., reliability, validity, sensitivity, diagnosticity, objectivity, and intrusiveness). We find that each method has its strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, a mix of methods should be applied to practical research on digital stress.

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