CMOS current-copying neural stimulator with OTA-sharing

We present a compact current mode stimulator for utilization in neural stimulation arrays. The stimulator is implemented in a 0.35µm CMOS technology and occupies an area of 50µm×400µm. The memory in every current driver allows for simultaneous stimulation on multiple active channels when used as part of an array of stimulators. Circuit reuse in the stimulator and utilization of a single DAC yield a compact and low-power implementation. The current driver dissipates a quiescent power of 2.76µW. The stimulator can output current in the range of 10µA–250µA.

[1]  Jongwoo Lee,et al.  A 64 Channelprogrammable closed-loop deep brain stimulator with 8 channel neural amplifier and logarithmic ADC , 2008, 2008 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits.

[2]  Daryl R Kipke,et al.  Complex impedance spectroscopy for monitoring tissue responses to inserted neural implants , 2007, Journal of neural engineering.

[3]  Andreas Demosthenous,et al.  An Integrated Implantable Stimulator That is Fail-Safe Without Off-Chip Blocking-Capacitors , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

[4]  Karim Abdelhalim,et al.  128-channel fully differential digital neural recording and stimulation interface , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[5]  E. J. Tehovnik Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses , 1996, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[6]  Mohamad Sawan,et al.  A Highly Flexible System for Microstimulation of the Visual Cortex: Design and Implementation , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

[7]  Maysam Ghovanloo,et al.  A compact large Voltage-compliance high output-impedance programmable current source for implantable microstimulators , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[8]  Timothy G. Constandinou,et al.  A Partial-Current-Steering Biphasic Stimulation Driver for Vestibular Prostheses , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

[9]  Maysam Ghovanloo,et al.  An Experimental Study of Voltage, Current, and Charge Controlled Stimulation Front-End Circuitry , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[10]  Reid R. Harrison,et al.  A Wireless Integrated Circuit for 100-Channel Charge-Balanced Neural Stimulation , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

[11]  J. Wyatt,et al.  Minimally Invasive Retinal Prosthesis , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers.

[12]  Maurits Ortmanns,et al.  Charge Balancing in Functional Electrical Stimulators: A Comparative Study , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[13]  S. J. Daubert,et al.  Operation and analysis of current copier circuits , 1990 .

[14]  K. Wise,et al.  A low-profile three-dimensional neural stimulating array with on-chip current generation , 2004, The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.