Effects of orally administered lavender essential oil on responses to anxiety‐provoking film clips

Lavender odour is commonly used to alleviate mild anxiety. Double blind studies are difficult to conduct with odours, and there are few reliable investigations of lavender's efficacy.

[1]  F. Wilhelm,et al.  Identifying anxiety states using broad sampling and advanced processing of peripheral physiological information. , 2006, Biomedical sciences instrumentation.

[2]  L. Matuszewich,et al.  The delayed effects of chronic unpredictable stress on anxiety measures , 2007, Physiology & Behavior.

[3]  S. File,et al.  The Role of the Dorsal Hippocampal Serotonergic and Cholinergic Systems in the Modulation of Anxiety , 2000, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[4]  Julian F Thayer,et al.  Attentional and physiological characteristics of patients with dental anxiety. , 2003, Journal of anxiety disorders.

[5]  D. Watson,et al.  The vicissitudes of mood measurement: effects of varying descriptors, time frames, and response formats on measures of positive and negative affect. , 1988, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[6]  J. Cacioppo,et al.  Principles of psychophysiology : physical, social, and inferential elements , 1990 .

[7]  K. Roussinov,et al.  On certain central neurotropic effects of lavender essential oil. , 1970, Izvestiia na Instituta po fiziologiia.

[8]  R. Sternbach,et al.  Principles of Psychophysiology , 1966 .

[9]  W. Jäger,et al.  Fragrance compounds and essential oils with sedative effects upon inhalation. , 1993, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[10]  J. Thayer,et al.  Daily worry is related to low heart rate variability during waking and the subsequent nocturnal sleep period. , 2007, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[11]  H. Aoshima,et al.  Potentiation of GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes by perfume and phytoncid. , 1999, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[12]  J. Gorman,et al.  Heart rate variability in depressive and anxiety disorders. , 2000, American heart journal.

[13]  Y. Saeki,et al.  The effect of foot-bath with or without the essential oil of lavender on the autonomic nervous system: a randomized trial. , 2000, Complementary therapies in medicine.

[14]  J. Thayer,et al.  Stop that! Inhibition, sensitization, and their neurovisceral concomitants. , 2002, Scandinavian journal of psychology.

[15]  K. Nagai,et al.  Olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic neurotransmission and blood pressure in rats , 2006, Neuroscience Letters.

[16]  E. Elisabetsky,et al.  Effects of linalool on glutamatergic system in the rat cerebral cortex , 1995, Neurochemical Research.

[17]  D. C. Howell.  Statistical Methods for Psychology , 1987 .

[18]  F. Martényi,et al.  Gender differences in the efficacy of fluoxetine and maprotiline in depressed patients: a double-blind trial of antidepressants with serotonergic or norepinephrinergic reuptake inhibition profile , 2001, European Neuropsychopharmacology.

[19]  K. Korach,et al.  Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[20]  S. Siegel,et al.  Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences , 2022, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[21]  J. Gray,et al.  Précis of The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system , 1982, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[22]  Julian F. Thayer,et al.  The role of vagal function in the risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality , 2007, Biological Psychology.

[23]  P. D’Aquila,et al.  Profile of spinal and supra-spinal antinociception of (-)-linalool. , 2004, European journal of pharmacology.

[24]  F. Boiten.  The effects of emotional behaviour on components of the respiratory cycle , 1998, Biological Psychology.

[25]  A. Hermosillo,et al.  Estrogen effect on heart rate variability in hypertensive postmenopausal women. , 2003, Maturitas.

[26]  P. Marriott,et al.  Characterisation of lavender essential oils by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with correlation of linear retention indices and comparison with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2002, Journal of chromatography. A.

[27]  J F Thayer,et al.  Autonomic balance revisited: panic anxiety and heart rate variability. , 1998, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[28]  G. Kinrys,et al.  [Anxiety disorders in women: does gender matter to treatment?]. , 2005, Revista brasileira de psiquiatria.

[29]  R. Lea,et al.  Anxiolytic effects of Lavandula angustifolia odour on the Mongolian gerbil elevated plus maze. , 2007, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[30]  A. Malliani,et al.  Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use , 1996 .

[31]  M. Lis‐Balchin,et al.  Studies on the mode of action of the essential oil of LavenderLavandula angustifolia P. Miller) , 1999, Phytotherapy research : PTR.

[32]  R. Mccraty,et al.  The effects of emotions on short-term power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability . , 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

[33]  P. Grossman,et al.  Anxiety and Vagal Control of Heart Rate , 1998, Psychosomatic medicine.

[34]  J. Gross,et al.  Emotion elicitation using films , 1995 .

[35]  E. Perry,et al.  Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) , 2002, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[36]  J. Laugharne,et al.  Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of anxiety and depression , 2008, Current opinion in psychiatry.

[37]  P. Lang,et al.  Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology. , 2000, Journal of affective disorders.

[38]  W. Jäger,et al.  Percutaneous absorption of lavender oil from a massaDe oil , 1992 .

[39]  D. Watson,et al.  Assessing positive and negative affect via self-report. , 2007 .

[40]  Kenji Yamada,et al.  Effects of inhaling the vapor of Lavandula burnatii super-derived essential oil and linalool on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), catecholamine and gonadotropin levels in experimental menopausal female rats. , 2005, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[41]  Gerhard Buchbauer,et al.  Transdermal Absorption of (−)-Linalool Induces Autonomic Deactivation but has No Impact on Ratings of Well-Being in Humans , 2004, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[42]  A. Bianchi,et al.  Antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of inhaled and orally administered Lavandula hybrida Reverchon "Grosso" essential oil. , 2004, Life sciences.

[43]  M. Thase,et al.  Gender differences in treatment response to sertraline versus imipramine in chronic depression. , 2000, The American journal of psychiatry.

[44]  H. Huikuri,et al.  Time domain, geometrical and frequency domain analysis of cardiac vagal outflow: effects of various respiratory patterns. , 2001, Clinical physiology.

[45]  Kristina M Burnett,et al.  Scent and Mood State following an Anxiety-Provoking Task , 2004, Psychological reports.

[46]  J. Lehrner,et al.  Ambient odors of orange and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mood in a dental office , 2005, Physiology & Behavior.

[47]  Peter J. Lang,et al.  State anxiety and affective physiology: effects of sustained exposure to affective pictures , 2005, Biological Psychology.

[48]  A. Malizia.  Receptor binding and drug modulation in anxiety , 2002, European Neuropsychopharmacology.

[49]  K. Baghalian,et al.  Comparison of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. tincture and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized trial , 2003, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[50]  Sylvia D. Kreibig,et al.  Cardiovascular, electrodermal, and respiratory response patterns to fear- and sadness-inducing films. , 2007, Psychophysiology.

[51]  M. Vaswani,et al.  Role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in psychiatric disorders: a comprehensive review , 2003, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[52]  Alessandro Sebastian Podda,et al.  Evidence of a role of endogenous estrogen in the modulation of autonomic nervous system. , 2000, The American journal of cardiology.

[53]  D. Watson,et al.  Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. , 1988, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[54]  E. Perry,et al.  Salvia lavandulaefolia (Spanish Sage) enhances memory in healthy young volunteers , 2003, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[55]  F. Graeff,et al.  Pharmacology of human experimental anxiety. , 2003, Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas.

[56]  S. Southwick,et al.  Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience: Relevance to prevention and treatment of stress-related psychopathology , 2007, Development and Psychopathology.

[57]  Mika P. Tarvainen,et al.  Software for advanced HRV analysis , 2004, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[58]  H. Nagaraja,et al.  Heart rate variability: origins, methods, and interpretive caveats. , 1997, Psychophysiology.

[59]  M. Imamura,et al.  Linalyl Acetate as a Major Ingredient of Lavender Essential Oil Relaxes the Rabbit Vascular Smooth Muscle through Dephosphorylation of Myosin Light Chain , 2006, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[60]  G. Vossel,et al.  Finally, After Two Decades , 2001 .

[61]  Hiroyasu Ito,et al.  Anticonflict effects of lavender oil and identification of its active constituents , 2006, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[62]  S. Weber,et al.  The impact of natural odors on affective states in humans. , 2008, Chemical senses.

[63]  C. Ghelardini,et al.  Local anaesthetic activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia. , 1999, Planta medica.

[64]  G. Totten.  Physiological and subjective anxiety responses to caffeine and stress in nonclinical panic , 1995 .

[65]  Keith Wesnes,et al.  AROMAS OF ROSEMARY AND LAVENDER ESSENTIAL OILS DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECT COGNITION AND MOOD IN HEALTHY ADULTS , 2003, The International journal of neuroscience.

[66]  B. McEwen,et al.  Estrogen actions in the central nervous system. , 1999, Endocrine reviews.