Intellectual Property Rights for Plant Biotechnology: International Aspects

Intellectual property rights (IPR) are important internationally, in public, non-profit and private institutions, both as incentives for innovation and as constraints on freedom to operate in agricultural research and development. Early 20th century progress in plant breeding and genetics led to the development of hybridisation, which increased yields while providing an important physical means of restricting the reproduction of plant genetic resources. Subsequently, in countries around the world the expansion of ‘intellectual property rights’ (IPR) has created several other means of restricting the reproduction and trading of plant genetic resources. Keywords: defining; protecting; intellectual property rights (IPR); international

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