A review on the use of sensors to monitor cattle jaw movements and behavior when grazing

Synthese sur l’utilisation de capteurs pour le suivi des mouvements de mâchoire et du comportement de bovins au pâturageIntroduction. L’elevage de precision se repand rapidement au niveau des exploitations bovines de type intensif. Il utilise differents capteurs pour suivre chaque individu present dans le troupeau. Pour les ruminants au pâturage, le systeme est base sur l’enregistrement de trois parametres : leur localisation, leur posture et leurs mouvements. Les techniques actuelles permettent de detecter les comportements de pâturage et de rumination avec une precision moyenne superieure ou egale a 90 %, comparee aux observations. Ces techniques peuvent fournir des outils interessants pour ameliorer la gestion de la prairie et des animaux. Cependant, la caracterisation des mouvements de la mâchoire et des bouchees reste souvent negligee, sachant que ces parametres peuvent etre tres importants pour evaluer les strategies de pâturage des animaux et pour esperer estimer la quantite de fourrage ingeree. Litterature. L’objectif de cette synthese est de discuter des techniques utilisees pour la caracterisation et la classification des mouvements de la mâchoire ainsi que des bouchees chez les ruminants. Pour cela, (1) les mecanismes d’ingestion de fourrage des bovins sont d’abord brievement expliques, ensuite (2) les differents types de capteurs utilises pour detecter les mouvements de la mâchoire, tels que les capteurs de pression, accelerometre, microphones et capteurs electromyographiques, sont decrits et compares, et (3) les eventuels liens entre les mouvements de la mâchoire, la bouchee et le fourrage ingere sont discutes en se basant sur les resultats de recherche deja effectues dans ce domaine.Conclusions. La conclusion de cette synthese est que les capteurs mecaniques, acoustiques et electromyographiques ont montre leur capacite a classifier les differents types de mouvements de la mâchoire avec differentes precisions et differentes fenetres de temps necessaires pour cette classification. Cette classification pourrait mener a une meilleure detection de comportements plus precis telle que la detection des bouchees et leur localisation sur le parcours.

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