Influence of sodium carbonate addition on weight loss of bagasse alkaline black liquor during pyrolysis

To understand the effects and the mechanism of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) addition on the bagasse alkaline black liquor (BABL) pyrolysis, the reaction variables such as temperature, heating rate, and amount of Na2CO3 addition into BABL-solids were investigated under N2 atmosphere from 50 °C to 1000 °C by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Coats–Redfern method (CRM) were employed for surface microscopic morphology observations and kinetic analysis, respectively. The results showed that Na2CO3 plays an inhibiting and promoting role during devolatilization (200 °C to 650 °C) and the reduction stages (650 °C to 1000 °C), respectively. Adding Na2CO3 into BABL-solids tends to increase the thickness of the salt layer covering the BABL-solids surface, which increases the activation energy and reduces the weight loss ratio of BABL-solids pyrolysis within 200 °C to 650 °C. Adding Na2CO3 into the BABL-solids tends to increase the number of alkaline compounds or the active site of the reduction reaction, which reduces the activation energy and increases the weight loss ratio of BABL-solids pyrolysis within 650 °C to 1000 °C. The role of Na2CO3 as an additive could be well understood by studying the influence mechanism of Na2CO3 on BABL-solids pyrolysis.

[1]  J. Colodette,et al.  Biorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft lignin , 2019, BioResources.

[2]  M. Hubbe,et al.  Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps: A review , 2019, BioResources.

[3]  Haimiao Yu,et al.  Catalytic gasification characteristics of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin , 2018, Renewable Energy.

[4]  M. H. Abdelfattah,et al.  On biodiesels from castor raw oil using catalytic pyrolysis , 2018 .

[5]  Mohammad Javad Esfahani,et al.  Syngas production by catalytic co-gasification of coal-biomass blends in a circulating fluidized bed gasifier , 2017 .

[6]  Shubin Wu,et al.  Depolymerization Characteristics during the Pyrolysis of Two Industrial Lignins , 2017 .

[7]  Songbo He,et al.  Catalytic hydro-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass over dual Na2CO3/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3 catalysts using n-butane at ambient pressure , 2016 .

[8]  S. Yusup,et al.  Kinetic study of the catalytic pyrolysis of paddy husk by use of thermogravimetric data and the Coats–Redfern model , 2015, Research on Chemical Intermediates.

[9]  Bie Rushan,et al.  Kinetics of Reed Black Liquor (RBL) Pyrolysis from Thermogravimetric Data , 2014 .

[10]  Xiao‐Hong Li,et al.  Chemical Structure and Pyrolysis Characteristics of the Soda-Alkali Lignin Fractions , 2014 .

[11]  K. Muthukumar,et al.  Catalytic cracking of vegetable oil with metal oxides for biofuel production , 2014 .

[12]  A. Heiningen,et al.  A Kinetic Study of CO2 and Steam Gasification of Char from Lignin Produced in the SEW Process , 2014 .

[13]  Qing Yang,et al.  Catalytic effects of NaOH and Na2CO3 additives on alkali lignin pyrolysis and gasification , 2012 .

[14]  Xiu-li Yin,et al.  Effect of organic bound Na groups on pyrolysis and CO2-gasification of alkali lignin , 2011, BioResources.

[15]  Huajiang Huang,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis of black liquor steam gasification , 2011 .

[16]  M Naqvi,et al.  Black liquor gasification integrated in pulp and paper mills: A critical review. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[17]  William J. DeSisto,et al.  Fast pyrolysis of lignins , 2010, BioResources.

[18]  T. Richards,et al.  Pyrolysis kinetics of washed precipitated lignin , 2008, BioResources.

[19]  M. Abbasi,et al.  Evaluation of reliability of Coats-Redfern method for kinetic analysis of non-isothermal TGA , 2008 .

[20]  M. Hupa,et al.  Influence of pressure on pyrolysis of black liquor: 2. Char yields and component release. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[21]  M. B. Murillo,et al.  Kinetics of CO2 gasification of alkaline black liquor from wheat straw. 2. Evolution of CO2 reactivity with the solid conversion and influence of temperature on the gasification rate , 2005 .

[22]  M. B. Murillo,et al.  Thermal Degradation of Alkaline Black Liquor from Wheat Straw. 2. Fixed-Bed Reactor Studies , 2003 .

[23]  P. Agrawal,et al.  Black liquor gasification characteristics. 1. Formation and conversion of carbon-containing product gases , 2002 .

[24]  M. B. Murillo,et al.  Thermal degradation of alkaline black liquor from straw. Thermogravimetric study , 2002 .

[25]  R. Alén,et al.  Thermogravimetric behavior of black liquors and their organic constituents , 1995 .

[26]  J. Li,et al.  Kinetics of gasification of black liquor char by steam , 1991 .

[27]  J. Li,et al.  Sodium emission during pyrolysis and gasification of black liquor char , 1990 .

[28]  Thomas A. Milne,et al.  Pyrolysis oils from biomass : producing, analyzing, and upgrading , 1988 .

[29]  Finn Jensen,et al.  Activation energies and the arrhenius equation , 1985 .

[30]  Fred Shafizadeh,et al.  A kinetic model for pyrolysis of cellulose. , 1979 .