Hybrid LCA of a design for disassembly technology: active disassembling fasteners of hydrogen storage alloys for home appliances.

In the current recycling system of end-of-life (EoL) appliances, which is based on shredding, alloying elements tend to end up in the scrap of base metals. The uncontrolled mixing of alloying elements contaminates secondary metals and calls for dilution with primary metals. Active disassembling fastener (ADF) is a design for disassembly (DfD) technology that is expected to solve this problem by significantly reducing the extent of mixing. This paper deals with a life cycle assessment (LCA) based on the waste input-output (WIO) model of an ADF developed using hydrogen storage alloys. Special attention is paid to the issue of dilution of mixed iron scrap using pig iron in an electric arc furnace (EAF). The results for Japanese electrical and electronic appliances indicate superiority of the recycling system based on the ADF over the current system in terms of reduced emissions of CO(2). The superiority of ADF was found to increase with an increase in the requirement for dilution of scrap.

[1]  Helmut Rechberger,et al.  A new, entropy based method to support waste and resource management decisions. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[2]  Askiner Gungor,et al.  Evaluation of connection types in design for disassembly (DFD) using analytic network process , 2006 .

[3]  Laura Schewel,et al.  The contemporary anthropogenic chromium cycle. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[4]  Yoshihiro Adachi,et al.  Dynamic Material Flow Analysis for Stainless Steels in Japan–Reductions Potential of CO2 Emissions by Promoting Closed Loop Recycling of Stainless Steels , 2007 .

[5]  Shinichiro Nakamura,et al.  Input‐Output Analysis of Waste Management , 2002 .

[6]  Keiichi Okajima,et al.  Energy and Environmental Analysis of Batteries for Electric Load Leveling Using LCA Method , 2006 .

[7]  Yoshihiro Adachi,et al.  Estimation of Future Steel Stock and Flow in East Asia , 2009 .

[8]  S. Hashimoto,et al.  Evaluation of the Potential Amounts of Dissipated Rare Metals from WEEE in Japan , 2007 .

[9]  David Harrison,et al.  Shape memory alloy actuators for active disassembly using ‘smart’ materials of consumer electronic products , 2002 .

[10]  Keiji Kakudate,et al.  A Quantitative Macro Model of Steel Scrap Recycling Considering Copper Contamination for the Sustainable Society , 2000 .

[11]  Shigemi Kagawa,et al.  Simple indicator to identify the environmental soundness of growth of consumption and technology: "eco-velocity of consumption". , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[12]  Markus A. Reuter,et al.  A simulation model of the comminution–liberation of recycling streams: Relationships between product design and the liberation of materials during recycling , 2005 .

[13]  C. Hendrickson,et al.  Life-Cycle Analysis of Alternative Automobile Fuel/Propulsion Technologies , 2000 .

[14]  C. Hendrickson,et al.  Using input-output analysis to estimate economy-wide discharges , 1995 .

[15]  Kenichi Nakajima,et al.  Evaluation Method of Metal Resource Recyclability Based on Thermodynamic Analysis , 2009 .

[16]  Yasushi Kondo,et al.  The Waste Input‐Output Approach to Materials Flow Analysis , 2007 .

[17]  Daniel B Müller,et al.  Forging the anthropogenic iron cycle. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[18]  Julie Zimmerman,et al.  Design Through the 12 Principles of Green Engineering , 2003, IEEE Engineering Management Review.

[19]  Y. Moriguchi,et al.  Site-dependent life-cycle analysis by the SAME approach: its concept usefulness, and application to the calculation of embodied impact intensity by means of an input-output analysis. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[20]  Yoshihiro Adachi,et al.  Material Stock and Flow Analysis of Stainless Steel Based on Mass Balances of Cr and Ni , 2009 .