Understanding affective commitment in social virtual worlds: The role of cultural tightness

Abstract Understanding how cultural differences affect the formation of users’ affective commitment (ACO) to social virtual world (SVW) services is a critical but understudied issue. Using a novel, norm-based cultural approach, we introduce cultural tightness (CT) to capture cultural differences in users’ collective environment and postulate a model that investigates the contingent effects of CT on the relationships between ACO and its drivers. A two-level analysis of survey data gathered from 400 field users of an influential SVW service and secondary data of CT reveals that the effects of satisfaction, calculative commitment, and subjective norm on ACO are contingent on CT.

[1]  Peter Nagy,et al.  “My Avatar and Her Beloved Possession”: Characteristics of Attachment to Virtual Objects , 2014 .

[2]  Yoojung Kim,et al.  Cultural difference in motivations for using social network sites: A comparative study of American and Korean college students , 2011, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[3]  Gennadi Gevorgyan,et al.  Does Culturally Adapted Online Communication Work? A Study of American and Chinese Internet Users' Attitudes and Preferences Toward Culturally Customized Web Design Elements , 2009, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[4]  Özge Can,et al.  Affective and normative commitment to organization, supervisor, and coworkers: Do collectivist values matter? , 2008 .

[5]  T. Cook,et al.  Quasi-experimentation: Design & analysis issues for field settings , 1979 .

[6]  Panayiotis Zaphiris,et al.  Cultural Differences in Collaborative Authoring of Wikipedia , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[7]  Brian S. Butler,et al.  Research Note - The Impact of Community Commitment on Participation in Online Communities , 2011, Inf. Syst. Res..

[8]  Elena Karahanna,et al.  Time Flies When You're Having Fun: Cognitive Absorption and Beliefs About Information Technology Usage , 2000, MIS Q..

[9]  Jon P. Howell,et al.  Does Cultural Socialization Predict Multiple Bases and Foci of Commitment , 2000 .

[10]  David J. Stanley,et al.  Affective, normative, and continuance commitment levels across cultures: A meta-analysis , 2012 .

[11]  Kenneth K. Boyer,et al.  Print versus electronic surveys: A comparison of two data collection methodologies , 2002 .

[12]  Jana L. Raver,et al.  On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness. , 2006, The Journal of applied psychology.

[13]  Chuan-Hoo Tan,et al.  Dr. Jekyll vis-à-vis Mr. Hyde: Personality variation between virtual and real worlds , 2011, Inf. Manag..

[14]  Donna M. Randall,et al.  Cross-cultural research on organizational commitment: A review and application of Hofstede's Value Survey Module , 1993 .

[15]  Yoonhyuk Jung,et al.  Virtual goods, real goals: Exploring means-end goal structures of consumers in social virtual worlds , 2014, Inf. Manag..

[16]  Viswanath Venkatesh,et al.  Predicting Different Conceptualizations of System Use: The Competing Roles of Behavioral Intention, Facilitating Conditions, and Behavioral Expectation , 2008, MIS Q..

[17]  Ronald Fischer,et al.  Commitment across cultures: A meta-analytical approach , 2009 .

[18]  Charlotte J. S. De Backer,et al.  Virtual gossip: How gossip regulates moral life in virtual worlds , 2016, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[19]  Alexander von Eye,et al.  Morality in Cyberspace: A Comparison of Chinese and U.S. Youth's Beliefs about Acceptable Online Behavior , 2008, Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008).

[20]  Aaron Cohen,et al.  A value based perspective on commitment in the workplace: An examination of Schwartz's basic human values theory among bank employees in Israel , 2009 .

[21]  Judy A. Siguaw,et al.  Formative versus Reflective Indicators in Organizational Measure Development: A Comparison and Empirical Illustration , 2006 .

[22]  Peter A. Todd,et al.  Understanding Information Technology Usage: A Test of Competing Models , 1995, Inf. Syst. Res..

[23]  John P. Meyer,et al.  The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization , 1990 .

[24]  John M. Jermier,et al.  Effects of Continuance, Affective, and Moral Commitment on the Withdrawal Process: an Evaluation of Eight Structural Equation Models , 1993 .

[25]  Sung S. Kim,et al.  Out of Dedication or Constraint? A Dual Model of Post-Adoption Phenomena and its Empirical Test in the Context of Online Services , 2009, MIS Q..

[26]  Lyman W. Porter,et al.  Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover , 2013 .

[27]  Mark Keil,et al.  Why Software Projects Escalate: An Empirical Analysis and Test of Four Theoretical Models , 2000, MIS Q..

[28]  Denise C. Park,et al.  Cultural influences on Facebook photographs. , 2013, International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie.

[29]  John P. Meyer,et al.  AFFECTIVE, CONTINUANCE, AND NORMATIVE COMMITMENT TO THE ORGANIZATION: A META-ANALYSIS OF ANTECEDENTS, CORRELATES, AND CONSEQUENCES , 2002 .

[30]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[31]  Donald C. Hambrick,et al.  Differences in managerial discretion across countries: how nation‐level institutions affect the degree to which ceos matter , 2011 .

[32]  I. Ajzen,et al.  Attitudinal and normative variables as predictors of specific behavior. , 1973 .

[33]  John P. Meyer,et al.  Commitment in the workplace: toward a general model , 2001 .

[34]  Kate Hattrup,et al.  The effects of corporate social responsibility on employees' affective commitment: a cross-cultural investigation. , 2012, The Journal of applied psychology.

[35]  Mark Srite,et al.  Levels of Culture and Individual Behavior: An Investigative Perspective , 2005, J. Glob. Inf. Manag..

[36]  Vincent Rousseau,et al.  Social Support at Work and Affective Commitment to the Organization: The Moderating Effect of Job Resource Adequacy and Ambient Conditions , 2010, The Journal of social psychology.

[37]  Rolph E. Anderson,et al.  Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings , 1979 .

[38]  Michele J. Gelfand,et al.  Tightness–looseness across the 50 united states , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[39]  Marko Hakonen,et al.  Review of Virtual Environment Studies on Social and Group Phenomena , 2011 .

[40]  Wanda J. Orlikowski,et al.  Virtual Worlds: A Performative Perspective on Globally Distributed, Immersive Work , 2010 .

[41]  Kazuya Hara,et al.  Computer-Mediated Relationship Development: A Cross-Cultural Comparison , 2005, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[42]  Jeremy N. Bailenson,et al.  The Unbearable Likeness of Being Digital: The Persistence of Nonverbal Social Norms in Online Virtual Environments , 2007, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[43]  Glenn J. Browne,et al.  An Empirical Investigation of Web Site Use Using a Commitment-Based Model , 2006, Decis. Sci..

[44]  Douglas R. Vogel,et al.  Toward a theory of perceived benefits, affective commitment, and continuance intention in social virtual worlds: cultural values (indulgence and individualism) matter , 2015, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[45]  Christoph Lattemann,et al.  USER ACCEPTANCE OF VIRTUAL WORLDS , 2008 .

[46]  Irem Uz,et al.  The Index of Cultural Tightness and Looseness Among 68 Countries , 2015 .

[47]  Bradley L. Kirkman,et al.  The impact of cultural values on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in self-managing work teams: The mediating role of employee resistance. , 2001 .

[48]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[49]  Sandra Carpenter,et al.  Effects of Cultural Tightness and Collectivism on Self-Concept and Causal Attributions , 2000 .

[50]  Carolina Gomez,et al.  Cultural boundaries of self-justification and prospect theories in escalation of commitment: a US–Mexico comparison , 2013 .

[51]  Michele J. Gelfand,et al.  Cultural Tightness–Looseness and Perceptions of Effective Leadership , 2016 .

[52]  L. Berry,et al.  Customers' motivations for maintaining relationships with service providers , 1997 .

[53]  Andrea Appolloni,et al.  The Relationship between Cultural Tightness–Looseness and Organizational Innovativeness: A Comparative Research into the Turkish and Italian Marble Industries , 2013 .

[54]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[55]  William R. King,et al.  External Validity in IS Survey Research , 2005, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[56]  Detmar W. Straub,et al.  A Practical Guide To Factorial Validity Using PLS-Graph: Tutorial And Annotated Example , 2005, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[57]  Mary P. Harrison,et al.  Understanding the Relationships Between Commitment and Voice , 2012 .

[58]  Jean-Éric Pelet,et al.  Optimal experience of flow enhanced by telepresence: Evidence from social media use , 2017, Inf. Manag..

[59]  Yannig Roth,et al.  The Impact of Culture on Creativity , 2015 .

[60]  Jin-Liang Wang,et al.  Cultural differences in social networking site use: A comparative study of China and the United States , 2013, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[61]  S. Schwartz Beyond individualism/collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. , 1994 .

[62]  H. Becker Notes on the Concept of Commitment , 1960, American Journal of Sociology.

[63]  Yulin Fang,et al.  Understanding online customer repurchasing intention and the mediating role of trust – an empirical investigation in two developed countries , 2009, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[64]  Kibum Kim,et al.  Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures: A 33-Nation Study , 2011, Science.

[65]  G. Hofstede Culture′s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations , 2001 .

[66]  R. Roe,et al.  Beyond the three-component model of organizational commitment. , 2008, The Journal of applied psychology.

[67]  Byung Gon Kim,et al.  Factors affecting the usage of intranet: A confirmatory study , 2009, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[68]  Deborah Compeau,et al.  Assessing Between-Group Differences in Information Systems Research: A Comparison of Covariance-and Component-Based SEM , 2009, MIS Q..

[69]  Keng Siau,et al.  Effects of National Culture on Types of Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication.

[70]  Cou-Chen Wu,et al.  Assessing the role of involvement as a mediator of allocentrist responses to advertising and normative influence , 2011 .

[71]  Kai H. Lim,et al.  Web strategies to promote internet shopping: is cultural-customization needed? , 2009 .

[72]  Geoffrey J. Leonardelli,et al.  Cultural constraints on the emergence of women as leaders , 2012 .

[73]  P. Dorfman,et al.  Leadership and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies , 2004 .

[74]  Anol Bhattacherjee,et al.  Understanding Information Systems Continuance: An Expectation-Confirmation Model , 2001, MIS Q..

[75]  K. Amant When Cultures and Computers Collide Rethinking Computer-Mediated Communication according to International and Intercultural Communication Expectations , 2002 .

[76]  Xi Zhang,et al.  Attracted to or Locked In? Predicting Continuance Intention in Social Virtual World Services , 2012, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[77]  Izak Benbasat,et al.  Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an Information Technology Innovation , 1991, Inf. Syst. Res..

[78]  H. Bansal,et al.  A three-component model of customer commitment to service providers , 2004 .

[79]  Gordon B. Davis,et al.  User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View , 2003, MIS Q..