2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases

ADA : adenosine deaminase AMI : acute myocardial infarction ANA : anti-nuclear antibody bFGF : basic fibroblast growth factor CK : creatine kinase CMR : cardiac magnetic resonance CMV : cytomegalovirus CP : Child–Pugh CRP : C-reactive protein CT : computed tomography EBV :

Jeroen J. Bax | P. Kirchhof | G. Lip | N. Al-Attar | P. Kolh | P. Ponikowski | S. Achenbach | K. Swedberg | A. Pavie | J. Bogaert | V. Aboyans | E. Mirrakhimov | A. Torbicki | Verónica Dean | J. Zamorano | F. Flachskampf | P. Seferovic | F. Ruschitzka | P. Nihoyannopoulos | Y. Adler | S. Windecker | H. Baumgartner | A. Evangelista | M. Piepoli | H. Bueno | J. Roos‐Hesselink | B. Bouma | K. Klingel | K. Nieman | L. Badimón | S. Agewall | C. Lionis | M. Roffi | B. Mayosi | A. Ristic | F. Roubille | S. Gielen | R. Kiss | P. Guéret | E. Lambrinou | Ç. Erol | B. Andersson | G. Barón-Esquivias | P. Lancellotti | S. Price | P. Charron | G. Habib | A. Abacı | J. Mascherbauer | G. Giannakoulas | A. Caforio | B. Maisch | A. Linhart | O. Gaemperli | H. Sisakian | G. Lazaros | M. Arad | S. Carerj | C. Ceconi | J. Møller | G. Van Camp | L. Badano | S. Novo | R. Asteggiano | T. Damy | A. Brucato | K. Dimitriadis | D. Dimulescu | J. Sauleda | M. Imazio | P. Hoffman | A. Archbold | A. Vaz Carneiro | P. Meurin | B. Schieffer | M. Sousa-Uva | S. Samstad | J. Luis Zamorano | H. Müller | P. Gatzov | A. Kavoliūnienė | M. Pavlovic | W. Tomkowski | E. Vataman | L. Lopes | P. Dingli | P. Poder | A. Rafnsson | J. Lehtonen | J. S. Hanževački | M. Sabaté Tenas | S. Antov | P. Stradins | M. Aboleineen | J. Dubrava | A. Codreanu | E. Nesukay | V. Shumavets | G. Arutyunov | Elnur Isayev | Stephan Stefan Nawwar Juan Michael Riccardo Héctor Alida L Achenbach Agewall Al-Attar Angel Ferrer A | J. Angel Ferrer | J. Sagristá Sauleda | Jens Uwe Voigt | Donna Fitzimons | N. Shuka | Hera Heracleous Moustra | Mustapaha El Hattaoui | L. R. Lopes | M. Pavlović | P. Guéret | M. Sousa‐Uva

[1]  F. Gaita,et al.  Intravenous human immunoglobulins for refractory recurrent pericarditis: a systematic review of all published cases , 2016, Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine.

[2]  D. Tousoulis,et al.  Anakinra: an emerging option for refractory idiopathic recurrent pericarditis a systematic review of published evidence , 2016, Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine.

[3]  D. Raoult,et al.  Etiology of Pericarditis in a Prospective Cohort of 1162 Cases. , 2015, The American journal of medicine.

[4]  A. Bellemain-Appaix,et al.  Colchicine for postoperative pericardial effusion: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial , 2015, Heart.

[5]  F. Gaita,et al.  Incidence and prognostic significance of new onset atrial fibrillation/flutter in acute pericarditis , 2015, Heart.

[6]  F. Gaita,et al.  Diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis , 2015, Heart.

[7]  P. Cremer,et al.  Multimodality Imaging of Pericardial Disease , 2015, Current Cardiology Reports.

[8]  B. Griffin,et al.  Usefulness of cardiac magnetic resonance-guided management in patients with recurrent pericarditis. , 2015, The American journal of cardiology.

[9]  M. Imazio,et al.  Colchicine in Pericarditis. , 2017, European Heart Journal.

[10]  S. Achenbach,et al.  European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) position paper: Multimodality imaging in pericardial disease. , 2014, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[11]  M. LeWinter,et al.  Clinical practice. Acute pericarditis. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[12]  B. Mayosi,et al.  Constrictive pericarditis requiring pericardiectomy at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa: causes and perioperative outcomes in the HIV era (1990-2012). , 2014, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[13]  Y. Adler,et al.  Prognosis of myopericarditis as determined from previously published reports , 2014, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[14]  Y. Adler,et al.  Colchicine for the prevention of pericarditis: what we know and what we do not know in 2014 – systematic review and meta-analysis , 2014, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[15]  J. Newburger,et al.  Idiopathic Pericarditis and Pericardial Effusion in Children: Contemporary Epidemiology and Management , 2014, Journal of the American Heart Association.

[16]  M. Imazio Idiopathic recurrent pericarditis as an immune-mediated disease: current insights into pathogenesis and emerging treatment options , 2014, Expert review of clinical immunology.

[17]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Prednisolone and Mycobacterium indicus pranii in tuberculous pericarditis. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[18]  Y. Adler,et al.  Colchicine for prevention of postpericardiotomy syndrome and postoperative atrial fibrillation: the COPPS-2 randomized clinical trial. , 2014, JAMA.

[19]  Y. Pinto,et al.  Triage strategy for urgent management of cardiac tamponade: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. , 2014, European heart journal.

[20]  H. Schaff,et al.  Constrictive pericarditis—a curable diastolic heart failure , 2014, Nature Reviews Cardiology.

[21]  C. Stefanadis,et al.  Anakinra for the management of resistant idiopathic recurrent pericarditis. Initial experience in 10 adult cases , 2014, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[22]  H. Nathoe,et al.  Dexamethasone for the prevention of postpericardiotomy syndrome: A DExamethasone for Cardiac Surgery substudy. , 2014, American heart journal.

[23]  Y. Adler,et al.  Efficacy and safety of colchicine for treatment of multiple recurrences of pericarditis (CORP-2): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial , 2014, The Lancet.

[24]  K. Dheda,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of quantitative PCR (Xpert MTB/RIF) for tuberculous pericarditis compared to adenosine deaminase and unstimulated interferon-γ in a high burden setting: a prospective study , 2014, BMC Medicine.

[25]  A. Martini,et al.  Long-term efficacy of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in corticosteroid-dependent and colchicine-resistant recurrent pericarditis. , 2014, The Journal of pediatrics.

[26]  H. Wiste,et al.  Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Constrictive Pericarditis: Mayo Clinic Criteria , 2014, Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging.

[27]  A. Nobili,et al.  Medication Non-Adherence Among Elderly Patients Newly Discharged and Receiving Polypharmacy , 2014, Drugs & Aging.

[28]  Yi‐Jen Chen,et al.  A randomized trial of colchicine for acute pericarditis. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[29]  J. Whelan,et al.  Findings of a randomized controlled trial using limited transthoracic echocardiogram (LTTE) as a hemodynamic monitoring tool in the trauma bay , 2014, The journal of trauma and acute care surgery.

[30]  M. Imazio Pericarditis with troponin elevation: is it true pericarditis and a reason for concern? , 2014, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[31]  P. Rautava,et al.  [Clinical profile and influences on outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute pericarditis]. , 2014, Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja.

[32]  K. Sliwa,et al.  HIV and the heart: the impact of antiretroviral therapy: a global perspective. , 2013, European heart journal.

[33]  T. Hohlfeld,et al.  Drug/drug interaction of common NSAIDs with antiplatelet effect of aspirin in human platelets. , 2013, European journal of pharmacology.

[34]  T. Komoda,et al.  Child-Pugh score predicts survival after radical pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis. , 2013, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[35]  L. Sinak,et al.  Pericardial effusions in pulmonary arterial hypertension: characteristics, prognosis, and role of drainage. , 2013, Chest.

[36]  E. Fabris,et al.  Usefulness of high-dose intravenous human immunoglobulins treatment for refractory recurrent pericarditis. , 2013, The American journal of cardiology.

[37]  R. Siegel,et al.  Retrospective comparison of outcomes, diagnostic value, and complications of percutaneous prolonged drainage versus surgical pericardiotomy of pericardial effusion associated with malignancy. , 2013, The American journal of cardiology.

[38]  J. Kortbeek,et al.  Pericardiocentesis in trauma: A systematic review , 2013, The journal of trauma and acute care surgery.

[39]  B. Hoit,et al.  Post-cardiac injury syndromes. An emerging cause of pericardial diseases. , 2013, International journal of cardiology.

[40]  Richard D. White,et al.  American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. , 2013, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[41]  Tiina Heliö,et al.  Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. , 2013, European heart journal.

[42]  X. Y. Zhang,et al.  Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials , 2013, BDJ.

[43]  F. Chiarelli,et al.  New insights in the pathogenesis and therapy of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis in children. , 2013, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[44]  J. Brachmann,et al.  RF versus cryoballoon in atrial fibrillation ablation: outcome data from the German ablation registry I , 2013 .

[45]  G. Ligabue,et al.  Good Prognosis for Pericarditis With and Without Myocardial Involvement: Results From a Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study , 2013, Circulation.

[46]  Takumi Yamada Transthoracic epicardial catheter ablation: indications, techniques, and complications. , 2013, Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society.

[47]  J. Bogaert,et al.  Pericardial disease: value of CT and MR imaging. , 2013, Radiology.

[48]  Y. Adler,et al.  Postpericardiotomy syndrome: a proposal for diagnostic criteria. , 2013, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[49]  L. S. Lilly Treatment of acute and recurrent idiopathic pericarditis. , 2013, Circulation.

[50]  Y. Adler,et al.  Management of pericardial effusion. , 2013, European heart journal.

[51]  Chao Cheng,et al.  18F-FDG PET/CT in Differentiating Acute Tuberculous From Idiopathic Pericarditis: Preliminary Study , 2013, Clinical nuclear medicine.

[52]  A. Ristic,et al.  Pericardioscopy and epi- and pericardial biopsy—a new window to the heart improving etiological diagnoses and permitting targeted intrapericardial therapy , 2013, Heart Failure Reviews.

[53]  J. Bogaert,et al.  Assessment of early post-infarction pericardial injury by CMR. , 2013, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[54]  G. Sinagra,et al.  Clinical presentation and long-term follow-up of perimyocarditis , 2013, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[55]  B. Maisch Alcohol ablation of pericardial cysts under pericardioscopical control , 2013, Heart Failure Reviews.

[56]  V. Ruppert,et al.  Viral genomes in the pericardial fluid and in peri- and epicardial biopsies from a German cohort of patients with large to moderate pericardial effusions , 2013, Heart Failure Reviews.

[57]  L. Cooper,et al.  Management of myopericarditis , 2013, Expert review of cardiovascular therapy.

[58]  T. Kawada,et al.  Influence of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on antiplatelet effect of aspirin , 2013, Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics.

[59]  F. Ruschitzka,et al.  Haemodynamically irrelevant pericardial effusion is associated with increased mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. , 2013, European heart journal.

[60]  G. Hobbs,et al.  Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pericarditis From Normal Variant Early Repolarization and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy With Early Repolarization: An Electrocardiographic Study , 2013, The American journal of the medical sciences.

[61]  K. Schrör,et al.  High on treatment platelet reactivity against aspirin by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – pharmacological mechanisms and clinical relevance , 2012, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[62]  E. Kazerooni,et al.  Spectrum of physiological and pathological cardiac and pericardial uptake of FDG in oncology PET-CT. , 2013, Clinical radiology.

[63]  S. Wann,et al.  Expert consensus for multi-modality imaging evaluation of cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy in adults: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. , 2013, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[64]  M. A. van de Laar,et al.  Interference of NSAIDs with the thrombocyte inhibitory effect of aspirin: A placebo-controlled, ex vivo, serial placebo-controlled serial crossover study , 2012, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

[65]  A. Ristic,et al.  Pericardial cytokines in neoplastic, autoreactive, and viral pericarditis , 2013, Heart Failure Reviews.

[66]  B. Maisch,et al.  Diagnostic value of biochemical biomarkers in malignant and non-malignant pericardial effusion , 2013, Heart Failure Reviews.

[67]  M. Rominger,et al.  MR, CT, and PET imaging in pericardial disease , 2013, Heart Failure Reviews.

[68]  H. Schaff,et al.  Pericardiectomy vs medical management in patients with relapsing pericarditis. , 2012, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[69]  Y. Okita,et al.  Impact of Controlled Pericardial Drainage on Critical Cardiac Tamponade With Acute Type A Aortic Dissection , 2012, Circulation.

[70]  M. Imazio The post-pericardiotomy syndrome , 2012, Current opinion in pulmonary medicine.

[71]  N. Tanrıkulu,et al.  Surgical properties and survival of a pericardial window via left minithoracotomy for benign and malignant pericardial tamponade in cancer patients , 2012, World Journal of Surgical Oncology.

[72]  C. Wiysonge,et al.  The prevalence and outcome of effusive constrictive pericarditis: a systematic review of the literature , 2012, Cardiovascular journal of Africa.

[73]  C. Dooms,et al.  Malignant pleural disease: diagnosis by using diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging--initial experience. , 2012, Radiology.

[74]  M. Imazio Contemporary management of pericardial diseases , 2012, Current opinion in cardiology.

[75]  A. Brucato,et al.  Management of Pericarditis in Women , 2012, Women's health.

[76]  M. Ligtenberg,et al.  EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung carcinomas in the Dutch population: increased EGFR mutation frequency in malignant pleural effusion of lung adenocarcinoma , 2012, Cellular Oncology.

[77]  H. Schaff,et al.  Completion pericardiectomy for recurrent constrictive pericarditis: importance of timing of recurrence on late clinical outcome of operation. , 2012, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[78]  G. Paolazzi,et al.  Clues to detect tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) among patients with idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis: results of a multicentre study , 2012, Clinical Research in Cardiology.

[79]  F. Chiarelli,et al.  Efficacy of an Interleukin-1β Receptor Antagonist (Anakinra) in Idiopathic Recurrent Pericarditis , 2012, Pediatric Cardiology.

[80]  A. Fijałkowska,et al.  Diagnosis of malignant pericarditis: a single centre experience. , 2012, Kardiologia polska.

[81]  Y. Zheng,et al.  Causes of moderate to large pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis in 140 Han Chinese patients , 2012, Herz.

[82]  S. Flamm,et al.  Pericardial delayed hyperenhancement with CMR imaging in patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing surgical pericardiectomy: a case series with histopathological correlation. , 2011, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[83]  E. Mezosi,et al.  Use of octreotide in the treatment of chylopericardium. , 2011, Heart & lung : the journal of critical care.

[84]  Matthew W. Martinez,et al.  Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pericardial Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Elevated Inflammatory Markers Can Predict the Reversibility of Constrictive Pericarditis After Antiinflammatory Medical Therapy: A Pilot Study , 2011, Circulation.

[85]  M. Imazio Pericardial involvement in systemic inflammatory diseases , 2011, Heart.

[86]  Y. Adler,et al.  Contemporary features, risk factors, and prognosis of the post-pericardiotomy syndrome. , 2011, The American journal of cardiology.

[87]  G. Keren,et al.  Diagnostic Yield of Extensive Infectious Panel Testing in Acute Pericarditis , 2011, Cardiology.

[88]  Y. Adler,et al.  Risk of Constrictive Pericarditis After Acute Pericarditis , 2011, Circulation.

[89]  S. Borges-Neto,et al.  Utility of FDG PET/CT in inflammatory cardiovascular disease. , 2011, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[90]  P. McGettigan,et al.  Cardiovascular Risk with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Systematic Review of Population-Based Controlled Observational Studies , 2011, PLoS medicine.

[91]  Y. Adler,et al.  Meta-analysis of randomized trials focusing on prevention of the postpericardiotomy syndrome. , 2011, American Journal of Cardiology.

[92]  M. Berretta,et al.  Neoplastic pericardial disease in lung cancer: impact on outcomes of different treatment strategies. A multicenter study. , 2011, Lung cancer.

[93]  R. Mohiaddin,et al.  Contemporary imaging of the pericardium. , 2011, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[94]  P. Mordant,et al.  Clinical review: Intrapericardial fibrinolysis in management of purulent pericarditis , 2011, Critical care.

[95]  M. Böhm,et al.  Virus serology in patients with suspected myocarditis: utility or futility? , 2011, European heart journal.

[96]  P. Seferovic,et al.  Interventional Pericardiology: Pericardiocentesis, Pericardioscopy, Pericardial Biopsy, Balloon Pericardiotomy, and Intrapericardial Therapy , 2011 .

[97]  F. Cinetto,et al.  Azathioprine in isolated recurrent pericarditis: a single centre experience. , 2011, International journal of cardiology.

[98]  A. Brucato,et al.  Prevalence of C-Reactive Protein Elevation and Time Course of Normalization in Acute Pericarditis: Implications for the Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis of Pericarditis , 2011, Circulation.

[99]  Y. Adler,et al.  Colchicine for Recurrent Pericarditis (CORP) , 2011, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[100]  F. Achilli,et al.  Large pericardial effusion in a family with recurrent pericarditis: A report of probable x-linked transmission. , 2011, Experimental and clinical cardiology.

[101]  P. Heidenreich,et al.  A small pericardial effusion is a marker of increased mortality. , 2011, American heart journal.

[102]  R. Cimaz,et al.  Role of Autoimmunity and Autoinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Recurrent Pericarditis , 2013, Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology.

[103]  Y. Adler,et al.  Triage and management of pericardial effusion , 2010, Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine.

[104]  R. Lidón,et al.  Hospital Outcome of Moderate to Severe Pericardial Effusion Complicating ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction , 2010, Circulation.

[105]  Y. Adler,et al.  Medical therapy of pericardial diseases Part II : Noninfectious pericarditis , pericardial effusion and constrictive pericarditis , 2010 .

[106]  Y. Adler,et al.  COlchicine for the Prevention of the Post-pericardiotomy Syndrome (COPPS): a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. , 2010, European heart journal.

[107]  A. Brucato,et al.  Medical treatment of pericarditis during pregnancy. , 2010, International journal of cardiology.

[108]  Y. Adler,et al.  Medical therapy of pericardial diseases: part I: idiopathic and infectious pericarditis. , 2010, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[109]  G. Biondi-Zoccai,et al.  International collaborative systematic review of controlled clinical trials on pharmacologic treatments for acute pericarditis and its recurrences. , 2010, American heart journal.

[110]  William D. Cahoon,et al.  Intrapericardial Triamcinolone Administration for Autoreactive Pericarditis , 2010, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[111]  E. Ferguson,et al.  Cardiac and pericardial calcifications on chest radiographs. , 2010, Clinical radiology.

[112]  A. Ristic,et al.  Evaluation and management of pericardial effusion in patients with neoplastic disease. , 2010, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[113]  Y. Adler,et al.  Management of pericardial diseases during pregnancy , 2010, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[114]  J. Hung,et al.  Multimodality imaging of pericardial diseases. , 2010, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[115]  Daniel Steven,et al.  Epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation a multicenter safety study. , 2010, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[116]  M. Desai,et al.  The Role of Multimodality Imaging in the Management of Pericardial Disease , 2010, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[117]  A. Angelini,et al.  Anti-heart and anti-intercalated disk autoantibodies: evidence for autoimmunity in idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis , 2010, Heart.

[118]  Y. Adler,et al.  Controversial Issues in the Management of Pericardial Diseases , 2010, Circulation.

[119]  M. Iliou,et al.  Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Treatment for Postoperative Pericardial Effusion , 2010, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[120]  K. Sliwa,et al.  Forgotten cardiovascular diseases in Africa , 2010, Clinical Research in Cardiology.

[121]  Y. Adler,et al.  Individualized therapy for pericarditis , 2009, Expert review of cardiovascular therapy.

[122]  D. Holmes,et al.  Iatrogenic pericardial effusion and tamponade in the percutaneous intracardiac intervention era. , 2009, JACC. Cardiovascular interventions.

[123]  K. Forbes,et al.  The Effect of Short-Term Prophylactic Acetylsalicylic Acid on the Incidence of Postpericardiotomy Syndrome After Surgical Closure of Atrial Septal Defects , 2009, Pediatric Cardiology.

[124]  Y. Adler,et al.  Frequency and prognostic significance of pericarditis following acute myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention. , 2009, The American journal of cardiology.

[125]  Gideon Koren,et al.  The Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) in Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis , 2009, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[126]  J. Bogaert,et al.  Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Open Access Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Pericardial Diseases Pericardial Anatomy and Physiology , 2022 .

[127]  Y. Adler,et al.  Aetiological diagnosis in acute and recurrent pericarditis: when and how , 2009, Journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[128]  Y. Adler,et al.  Colchicine for pericarditis: hype or hope? , 2009, European heart journal.

[129]  N. Saijo,et al.  A randomised trial of intrapericardial bleomycin for malignant pericardial effusion with lung cancer (JCOG9811) , 2009, British Journal of Cancer.

[130]  Juliana Elices Teja,et al.  [Cardiac tamponade]. , 2009, Medicina clinica.

[131]  A. Martini,et al.  Successful treatment of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis in children with interleukin-1beta receptor antagonist (anakinra): an unrecognized autoinflammatory disease? , 2009, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[132]  A. Tajik,et al.  Chylopericardium in adults: a literature review over the past decade (1996-2006). , 2008, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[133]  G. Brambilla,et al.  Corticosteroids for Recurrent Pericarditis: High Versus Low Doses: A Nonrandomized Observation , 2008, Circulation.

[134]  M. Imazio,et al.  Myopericarditis: Etiology, management, and prognosis. , 2008, International journal of cardiology.

[135]  Y. Hosomi,et al.  [Treatment of malignant pericardial effusion]. , 2008, Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy.

[136]  J. Hirsh,et al.  Antiplatelet drugs: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). , 2008, Chest.

[137]  J. Glockner,et al.  MR imaging of the pericardium. , 2008, Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America.

[138]  J. Oh,et al.  Constrictive pericarditis in the modern era: novel criteria for diagnosis in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[139]  K. Sliwa,et al.  Mortality in patients treated for tuberculous pericarditis in sub-Saharan Africa. , 2008, South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde.

[140]  A. de Roos,et al.  Functional MRI of congenital absence of the pericardium. , 2007, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[141]  B. Mayosi Contemporary trends in the epidemiology and management of cardiomyopathy and pericarditis in sub-Saharan Africa , 2007, Heart.

[142]  Y. Adler,et al.  Prognosis of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis as determined from previously published reports. , 2007, The American journal of cardiology.

[143]  M. Imazio,et al.  Myopericarditis versus viral or idiopathic acute pericarditis , 2007, Heart.

[144]  M. Imazio,et al.  Triage and management of acute pericarditis. , 2007, International journal of cardiology.

[145]  L. Coda,et al.  Indicators of Poor Prognosis of Acute Pericarditis , 2007, Circulation.

[146]  V. Guetta,et al.  Diagnostic value of the biochemical composition of pericardial effusions in patients undergoing pericardiocentesis. , 2007, The American journal of cardiology.

[147]  Christopher L. Roy,et al.  Does this patient with a pericardial effusion have cardiac tamponade? , 2007, JAMA.

[148]  Jan Bogaert,et al.  Value of MRI in patients with a clinical suspicion of acute myocarditis , 2007, European Radiology.

[149]  Y. Ichinose,et al.  Catheter Drainage Followed by the Instillation of Bleomycin to Manage Malignant Pericardial Effusion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Phase II Trial , 2007, Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.

[150]  M. Cheitlin Long-Term Outcomes in Difficult-to-Treat Patients With Recurrent Pericarditis , 2007 .

[151]  H. Reuter,et al.  The management of tuberculous pericardial effusion: experience in 233 consecutive patients. , 2007, Cardiovascular journal of South Africa : official journal for Southern Africa Cardiac Society [and] South African Society of Cardiac Practitioners.

[152]  Eloisa Arbustini,et al.  Recommendations for participation in competitive sport and leisure-time physical activity in individuals with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis and pericarditis , 2006, European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology.

[153]  N. Takasu [Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system]. , 2006, Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine.

[154]  D. Raoult,et al.  Molecular analysis of pericardial fluid: a 7-year experience. , 2006, European heart journal.

[155]  Y. Adler,et al.  Long-term outcomes in difficult-to-treat patients with recurrent pericarditis. , 2006, The American journal of cardiology.

[156]  A. Davenport,et al.  Changing patterns of pericardial disease in patients with end‐stage renal disease , 2006, Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis.

[157]  C. Gordon,et al.  Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction , 2006, Arthritis research & therapy.

[158]  P. Seidenberg,et al.  Pericarditis: Diagnosis, management, and return to play , 2006, Current sports medicine reports.

[159]  S. Seth,et al.  Pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis: a clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic evaluation of two surgical techniques. , 2006, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[160]  K. Sliwa,et al.  Clinical characteristics and initial management of patients with tuberculous pericarditis in the HIV era: the Investigation of the Management of Pericarditis in Africa (IMPI Africa) registry , 2006, BMC infectious diseases.

[161]  Marco Francone,et al.  Assessment of ventricular coupling with real-time cine MRI and its value to differentiate constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy , 2006, European Radiology.

[162]  S. Dymarkowski,et al.  Detection of pericardial inflammation with late-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: initial results , 2006, European Radiology.

[163]  M. Imazio,et al.  Colchicine in Addition to Conventional Therapy for Acute Pericarditis: Results of the COlchicine for acute PEricarditis (COPE) Trial , 2005, Circulation.

[164]  M. Imazio,et al.  Colchicine as first-choice therapy for recurrent pericarditis: results of the CORE (COlchicine for REcurrent pericarditis) trial. , 2005, Archives of internal medicine.

[165]  Y. Shoenfeld,et al.  Idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis: familial Mediterranean fever mutations and disease evolution in a large cohort of Caucasian patients , 2005, Lupus.

[166]  G. Brambilla,et al.  Recurrent idiopathic pericarditis: familial occurrence. , 2005, International journal of cardiology.

[167]  M. Imazio,et al.  Relation of acute pericardial disease to malignancy. , 2005, The American journal of cardiology.

[168]  G. Guan,et al.  Prevention of pericardial constriction by transcatheter intrapericardial fibrinolysis with urokinase. , 2005, Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih.

[169]  H. Reuter,et al.  Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa , 2005, Epidemiology and Infection.

[170]  A. Fijałkowska,et al.  New approaches to the management and treatment of malignant pericardial effusion , 2005, Supportive Care in Cancer.

[171]  M. Yacoub,et al.  Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases Executive Summary , 2022 .

[172]  A. Schömig,et al.  Late constrictive involvement of the pericardium in a case of previous myocarditis. , 2004, Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology.

[173]  R. Geggel Conditions Leading to Pediatric Cardiology Consultation in a Tertiary Academic Hospital , 2004, Pediatrics.

[174]  F. Larrazet,et al.  Evolution of the postoperative pericardial effusion after day 15: the problem of the late tamponade. , 2004, Chest.

[175]  A. Crossman,et al.  Right heart catheterization and hemodynamic profiles , 2004 .

[176]  M. Lauer,et al.  Constrictive pericarditis: etiology and cause-specific survival after pericardiectomy. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[177]  Raimund Erbel,et al.  Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases executive summary; The Task force on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases of the European society of cardiology. , 2004, European heart journal.

[178]  M. Imazio,et al.  Day-hospital treatment of acute pericarditis: a management program for outpatient therapy. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[179]  G. Permanyer-Miralda Acute pericardial disease: approach to the aetiologic diagnosis , 2004, Heart.

[180]  R. Shabetai Pericardial effusion: haemodynamic spectrum , 2004, Heart.

[181]  J. Soler‐Soler,et al.  Effusive-constrictive pericarditis. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[182]  A. Tajik,et al.  Transient constrictive pericarditis: causes and natural history. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[183]  I. Başarıcı,et al.  Pericardial tamponade and large pericardial effusions: causal factors and efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage in 50 patients. , 2004, Texas Heart Institute journal.

[184]  R. de Caterina,et al.  Expert consensus document on the use of antiplatelet agents. The task force on the use of antiplatelet agents in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease of the European society of cardiology. , 2004, European heart journal.

[185]  D. Raoult,et al.  Etiologic Diagnosis of 204 Pericardial Effusions , 2003, Medicine.

[186]  A. Tajik,et al.  Constrictive Pericarditis in 26 Patients With Histologically Normal Pericardial Thickness , 2003, Circulation.

[187]  E. Ben-Chetrit,et al.  Reproductive system in familial Mediterranean fever: an overview , 2003, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[188]  J. Karjalainen,et al.  Recurrent pericarditis in children and adolescents: report of 15 cases. , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[189]  D. H. Spodick,et al.  Acute cardiac tamponade. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[190]  H. Krumholz,et al.  Effect of ibuprofen on cardioprotective effect of aspirin , 2003, The Lancet.

[191]  P. Seferovic,et al.  Pericardial Disease in Pregnancy , 2003, Herz.

[192]  M. Alpert,et al.  Pericardial involvement in end-stage renal disease. , 2003, The American journal of the medical sciences.

[193]  Y. Adler,et al.  Colchicine for the Prevention of Postpericardiotomy Syndrome , 2002, Herz.

[194]  A. Ristic,et al.  Intrapericardial treatment of autoreactive pericardial effusion with triamcinolone; the way to avoid side effects of systemic corticosteroid therapy. , 2002, European heart journal.

[195]  A. Ristic,et al.  Neoplastic pericardial effusion. Efficacy and safety of intrapericardial treatment with cisplatin. , 2002, European heart journal.

[196]  J. Cortadellas,et al.  Nature and progression of pericardial effusion in patients with a first myocardial infarction: relationship to age and free wall rupture. , 2002, American heart journal.

[197]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Consecutive 1127 therapeutic echocardiographically guided pericardiocenteses: clinical profile, practice patterns, and outcomes spanning 21 years. , 2002, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[198]  B. Mayosi,et al.  Interventions for treating tuberculous pericarditis. , 2002, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[199]  D. Cable,et al.  Clustering of recurrent pericarditis with effusion and constriction in a family. , 2002, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[200]  C. Fraser,et al.  The effect of short-term prophylactic methylprednisolone on the incidence and severity of postpericardiotomy syndrome in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[201]  R. Mahnensmith,et al.  Pericarditis Associated with Renal Failure: Evolution and Management , 2001, Seminars in dialysis.

[202]  D. Spodick,et al.  Pericardial disease in renal patients. , 2001, Seminars in nephrology.

[203]  C. Wiysonge,et al.  Interventions for treating tuberculous pericarditis , 2017, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[204]  B. Maisch,et al.  Cytokine Activation in Pericardial Fluids in Different Forms of Pericarditis , 2000, Herz.

[205]  T. Ohtsuka,et al.  Thoracoscopic direct clipping of the thoracic duct for chylopericardium and chylothorax. , 2000, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[206]  N. Boon,et al.  Thyroid disease and the heart , 2000, Heart.

[207]  J. Soler‐Soler,et al.  Clinical clues to the causes of large pericardial effusions. , 2000, The American journal of medicine.

[208]  D. Mouratidou,et al.  Malignant cardiac tamponade in women with breast cancer treated by pericardiocentesis and intrapericardial administration of triethylenethiophosphoramide (thiotepa). , 2000, The American journal of cardiology.

[209]  J. Seward,et al.  Outcomes of primary and secondary treatment of pericardial effusion in patients with malignancy. , 2000, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[210]  J. Soler‐Soler,et al.  Long-term follow-up of idiopathic chronic pericardial effusion. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[211]  S. Globits,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of myocardial and pericardial disease , 1999, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[212]  J. Seward,et al.  Constrictive pericarditis in the modern era: evolving clinical spectrum and impact on outcome after pericardiectomy. , 1999, Circulation.

[213]  A. Grothey,et al.  Treatment of malignant pericardial effusion with 32P-colloid , 1999, British Journal of Cancer.

[214]  S. Kojima,et al.  Diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis by tagged cine magnetic resonance imaging. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[215]  M. Dómine,et al.  Chylopericardium of neoplastic aetiology. , 1998, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[216]  A. Goldhirsch,et al.  Intracavitary chemotherapy with thiotepa in malignant pericardial effusions: an active and well-tolerated regimen. , 1998, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[217]  M. Burt,et al.  Pericardiocentesis and intrapericardial sclerosis: effective therapy for malignant pericardial effusions. , 1997, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[218]  I. Brook,et al.  Microbiology of acute purulent pericarditis. A 12-year experience in a military hospital. , 1996, Archives of internal medicine.

[219]  E. Ben-Chetrit,et al.  Colchicine in breast milk of patients with familial Mediterranean fever. , 1996, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[220]  A. d'Avila,et al.  A New Technique to Perform Epicardial Mapping in the Electrophysiology Laboratory , 1996, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[221]  C. Tchervenkov,et al.  The Management of Chylothorax/Chylopericardium Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A 10‐Year Experience , 1995, Journal of cardiac surgery.

[222]  J. R. Stewart,et al.  Radiation injury to the heart. , 1995, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[223]  R. Zayas,et al.  Incidence of specific etiology and role of methods for specific etiologic diagnosis of primary acute pericarditis. , 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

[224]  Walker,et al.  Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients , 1994 .

[225]  J. Soler‐Soler,et al.  Purulent pericarditis: review of a 20-year experience in a general hospital. , 1993, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[226]  C. O'connor,et al.  Etiology of large pericardial effusions. , 1993, The American journal of medicine.

[227]  W. Baumgartner,et al.  Current indications, risks, and outcome after pericardiectomy. , 1991, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[228]  T. Gardner,et al.  The effective treatment of postpericardiotomy syndrome after cardiac operations. A randomized placebo-controlled trial. , 1990, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[229]  S. Rezkalla,et al.  Enhancement of coxsackievirus B4 virulence by indomethacin. , 1990, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[230]  D. Meyers,et al.  Diagnostic usefulness of pericardial fluid cytology. , 1989, Chest.

[231]  M. Ehrenfeld,et al.  Fertility and obstetric history in patients with familial Mediterranean fever on long‐term colchicine therapy , 1987, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[232]  N. Sinzobahamvya,et al.  Purulent pericarditis. , 1987, Archives of disease in childhood.

[233]  J. Soler‐Soler,et al.  Transient cardiac constriction: an unrecognized pattern of evolution in effusive acute idiopathic pericarditis. , 1987, The American journal of cardiology.

[234]  E. W. Hancock,et al.  The etiologic spectrum of constrictive pericarditis. , 1987, American heart journal.

[235]  Dobell Ar,et al.  Chylopericardium following cardiac surgery. , 1985 .

[236]  J. Soler‐Soler,et al.  Primary acute pericardial disease: a prospective series of 231 consecutive patients. , 1985, The American journal of cardiology.

[237]  C. Tchervenkov,et al.  Chylopericardium following cardiac surgery. , 1985, Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie.

[238]  P. Wiernik,et al.  Cardiac disease after radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease: analysis of 48 patients. , 1983, The American journal of cardiology.

[239]  C. Kjellstrand,et al.  Pericarditis and renal failure. , 1980, Annual review of medicine.

[240]  R. Rubin,et al.  Clinical, microbiologic and therapeutic aspects of purulent pericarditis. , 1975, The American journal of medicine.

[241]  Soloff,et al.  [Tuberculous pericarditis]. , 1949, Arquivos brasileiros de medicina.

[242]  B. Brown Observations on the Treatment of Certain Complications of Hooping-Cough by Means of the Oil of Turpentine , 1870 .