ATP metabolism in cleavage-staged mouse embryos.

Total ATP, ATP/ADP ratios, the rates of synthesis and turnover of ATP, and the level of cyanide inhibition of ATP synthesis were determined for 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, late-morula and late-blastocyst mouse embryos. The results show that from the 2-cell stage to the late-blastocyst stage there are progressive decreases in total ATP and in the ATP/ADP ratios. These are accompanied by increases in the rates of ATP turnover as well as in the percentage of inhibition of ATP synthesis by cyanide. These data are discussed in relation to results from other metabolic studies on mouse cleavage-staged embryos and from studies describing configurational changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria at these developmental stages. It is postulated that the mitochondrial ultrastructural changes during cleavage reflect differences in the levels of oxidative phosphorylation during specific metabolic steady states.

[1]  K. Ellem,et al.  Patterns of nucleic acid synthesis in the early mouse embryo. , 1968, Developmental biology.

[2]  R. Edwards,et al.  Timing of the stages of the maturation divisions, ovulation, fertilization and the first cleavage of eggs of adult mice treated with gonadotrophins. , 1959, The Journal of endocrinology.

[3]  D. E. Atkinson,et al.  Regulation of Enzyme Activity , 1966 .

[4]  E. C. Slater.  THE RESPIRATORY CHAIN AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION , 1972 .

[5]  R. Brinster.  Carbon dioxide production from glucose by the preimplantation mouse embryo. , 1967, Experimental cell research.

[6]  C. Graham,et al.  RNA synthesis at the two-cell stage of mouse development. , 1972, Journal of embryology and experimental morphology.

[7]  P. Stanley,et al.  Use of the liquid scintillation spectrometer for determining adenosine triphosphate by the luciferase enzyme. , 1969, Analytical biochemistry.

[8]  C. Epstein,et al.  Precursor pools and RNA synthesis in preimplantation mouse embryos. , 1971, Developmental biology.

[9]  D. E. Atkinson,et al.  Biological feedback control at the molecular level. , 1965, Science.

[10]  J. Biggers,et al.  Uptake of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates by Preimplantation Mouse Embryos In Vitro , 1971 .

[11]  N. Hillman,et al.  Effects of Actinomycin D and Cycloheximide on RNA and Protein Synthesis in Cleavage Stage Mouse Embryos , 1970, Nature.

[12]  V. Monesi,et al.  Macromolecular syntheses during early development in the mouse embryo. , 1967, Experimental cell research.

[13]  R. Brinster.  A METHOD FOR IN VITRO CULTIVATION OF MOUSE OVA FROM TWO-CELL TO BLASTOCYST. , 1963, Experimental cell research.

[14]  N. Hillman,et al.  Ultrastructural and autoradiographic studies of mouse cleavage stages. , 1969, The American journal of anatomy.

[15]  C. Epstein,et al.  Developmental interrelationships of uridine uptake. Nucleotide formation and incorporation into RNA by early mammalian embryos. , 1971, Developmental biology.

[16]  O. H. Lowry,et al.  The determination of inorganic phosphate in the presence of labile phosphate esters. , 1946, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[17]  K. Randerath,et al.  [40] Thin-layer separation methods for nucleic acid derivatives , 1967 .

[18]  C. Hackenbrock,et al.  ENERGY-LINKED ULTRASTRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN ISOLATED LIVER MITOCHONDRIA AND MITOPLASTS , 1972, The Journal of cell biology.

[19]  J. L. Thomson,et al.  Effect of inhibitors of carbohydrate metabolism on the development of preimplantation mouse embryos. , 1967, Experimental cell research.

[20]  R. M. Mills,et al.  Oxygen consumption of preimplantation mouse embryos , 1967 .

[21]  C. Hackenbrock.  ULTRASTRUCTURAL BASES FOR METABOLICALLY LINKED MECHANICAL ACTIVITY IN MITOCHONDRIA , 1968, The Journal of cell biology.

[22]  L. Pikó.  Synthesis of macromolecules in early mouse embryos cultured in vitro: RNA, DNA, and a polysaccharide component. , 1970, Developmental biology.

[23]  P. Quinn,et al.  Adenosine triphosphate content of preimplantation mouse embryos. , 1971, Journal of reproduction and fertility.

[24]  C. Hackenbrock,et al.  OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN MITOCHONDRIA IN THE INTACT ASCITES TUMOR CELL , 1971, The Journal of cell biology.

[25]  Outlines of biochemistry , 1963 .

[26]  B CHANCE,et al.  Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation. II. Difference spectra. , 1955, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[27]  H. Woodland,et al.  RNA Synthesis during Early Development of the Mouse , 1969, Nature.

[28]  J. Biggers,et al.  Mitochondria and early development of the mouse. , 1971, The Journal of experimental zoology.

[29]  B. Mintz.  SYNTHETIC PROCESSES AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT IN THE MAMMALIAN EGG. , 1964, The Journal of experimental zoology.

[30]  D. Epel,et al.  Does ADP regulate respiration following fertilization of sea urchin eggs? , 1969, Experimental cell research.