Analysis of a GaN-Based CRM Totem-Pole PFC Converter Considering Current Sensing Delay

High-frequency soft-switched gallium-nitride (GaN) based critical conduction mode (CRM) totem-pole power factor correction (PFC) converter is one of the most potential candidates in data center power supplies. However, the high-speed cycle-by-cycle zero current detection (ZCD) brings challenges to zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) control. Current sensing delay (CSD) exists, and the ZCD circuit is sensitive to high di/dt switching noise. In this paper, mechanisms of the ZCD time error are elaborated, and impacts of the current sensing delay on converter switching frequency, inductor current, input current third harmonic distortion (THD), and power loss are analyzed. Qualification time is added within the controller for immunity to the swiching noise, and a CSD embedded converter model is proposed to compensate the ZCD time delay. Also, loss modeling of the CRM totem-pole PFC is conducted to aid in analysis of the proposed theory. A 1.5 kW single-phase CRM totem-pole PFC prototype is tested. Experimental results validiate the analysis, modeling, and the proposed compensation method for current sensing delay.

[1]  Fred C. Lee,et al.  Application of GaN Devices for 1 kW Server Power Supply with Integrated Magnetics , 2016 .

[2]  Leon M. Tolbert,et al.  Inductor Design and ZVS Control for a GaN-Based High Efficiency CRM Totem-Pole PFC Converter , 2019, 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[3]  Fred C. Lee,et al.  Microcontroller-based MHz totem-pole PFC with critical mode control , 2016, 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[4]  Charles R. Sullivan,et al.  Computationally efficient winding loss calculation with multiple windings, arbitrary waveforms, and two-dimensional or three-dimensional field geometry , 2001 .

[5]  F. Wang,et al.  Review of Commercial GaN Power Devices and GaN-Based Converter Design Challenges , 2016, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[6]  Wensong Yu,et al.  Adaptive zero-voltage-switching control and hybrid current control for high efficiency GaN-based MHz Totem-pole PFC rectifier , 2017, 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[7]  Liang Zhou 99% Efficiency True-Bridgeless Totem-Pole PFC Based on GaN HEMTs , 2013 .

[8]  C.R. Sullivan,et al.  Improved calculation of core loss with nonsinusoidal waveforms , 2001, Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248).

[9]  Daniel Costinett,et al.  Noise mitigation and delay compensation in high frequency dual current programmed mode control , 2018, 2018 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[10]  Jong-Woo Kim,et al.  A Digitally Controlled Critical Mode Boost Power Factor Corrector With Optimized Additional On Time and Reduced Circulating Losses , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[11]  Johann W. Kolar,et al.  Ultraflat Interleaved Triangular Current Mode (TCM) Single-Phase PFC Rectifier , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[12]  Yong Chen,et al.  Classification and Comparison of BPFC Techniques: A Review , 2013 .

[13]  Alex Q. Huang,et al.  Review of GaN totem-pole bridgeless PFC , 2017 .

[14]  Fred C. Lee,et al.  Design of GaN-Based MHz Totem-Pole PFC Rectifier , 2016, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[15]  Fred C. Lee,et al.  Design and evaluation of GaN-based dual-phase interleaved MHz critical mode PFC converter , 2014, 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[16]  Daniel Costinett,et al.  A High-Efficiency GaN-Based Single-Stage 6.78 MHz Transmitter for Wireless Power Transfer Applications , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[17]  Dushan Boroyevich,et al.  GaN-based high frequency totem-pole bridgeless PFC design with digital implementation , 2015, 2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).