Attaining deep drawability and non-earing properties in Ti + Nb interstitial-free steels through double cold rolling and annealing

The intensity and uniformity of the γ-fibre improve very significantly in a Ti + Nb interstitial-free steel after the cold rolled and annealed sample is subjected to a second cold rolling and annealing treatment. A uniform grain size as well as a balance between the two major components of the γ-fibre, namely {1 1 1}〈1 1 2〉 and {1 1 1}〈1 1 0〉, are expected to make the material highly deep-drawable and free from earing during processing.