Abnormal muscle cylinder ratio in idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia: a new roentgen sign.

Diminished muscle cylinder ratio is reported in a case of severe form of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia.This roentgen sign is useful, especially in making the differential diagnosis from other diseases which produce osteosclerosis in infancy, such as osteopetrosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, chronic renal acidosis, Engelmann's disease, vitamin D intoxication, and fluoride poisoning.The roentgen findings, clinical features, etiology and treatment in this condition are also briefly discussed.