Variable beamforming characterization of a 3-element dipole ESPAR antenna from a complexity-of-directivity viewpoint

This paper characterizes 3-element ESPAR antenna's variable beamforming performance from a viewpoint of directivity complexity. We measure and analyze antenna about radiation directivity. The result shows that directivity pattern is numerous and we classify it into 6 specific patterns. The said directivity patterns are mapped on varactor-voltage plane. We propose Locus Line Length (LLL) to be an index for the purpose of evaluating directivity complexity, which combines phase and amplitude. Then the LLL result is plotted on varactor-voltage plane.