Refracted Acoustic Communications in Wireless Underwater Sensor Networks with Mobility

Routing is a fundamental function of any wireless network. For battery-powered underwater sensors using acoustic waves, routing is even more challenging due to an ever changing and communication-opaque ocean. Herein, we propose a shallow-water routing scheme that adapts to a unique physical phenomena of the medium. In particular, the proposed routing exploits downward and upward refractions for underwater networks comprising mobile nodes. Solutions for node-to-node links are developed before extending the concept to network routing. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions guaranteeing the existence of a single-hop link through acoustic refraction are derived. Simulations convey results followed by concluding remarks.

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