Diagnostic validity of comorbid bipolar disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder: a systematic review

At least 50% of bipolar disorder (BD) patients have an additional diagnosis, one of the most difficult to manage being obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Defining the nosology of BD‐OCD comorbidity has important clinical implications, given that treatments for OCD can worsen BD outcomes.

[1]  N. Fineberg,et al.  Pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence-based treatment and beyond , 2013, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[2]  M. McInnis,et al.  CLINICAL FEATURES OF BIPOLAR DISORDER COMORBID WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS DIFFER BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN , 2012, Depression and anxiety.

[3]  D. Murphy,et al.  Phenomenological features and clinical impact of affective disorders in OCD: a focus on the bipolar disorder and ocd connection , 2012, Depression and anxiety.

[4]  A. Gloster,et al.  Obsessive–compulsive disorder in the community: 12-month prevalence, comorbidity and impairment , 2012, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.

[5]  J. Potash,et al.  Co-morbid anxiety disorders in bipolar disorder and major depression: familial aggregation and clinical characteristics of co-morbid panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder , 2011, Psychological Medicine.

[6]  Y. Janardhan Reddy,et al.  Obsessive–compulsive disorder with and without bipolar disorder , 2011, Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[7]  M. Alda,et al.  An admixture analysis of the age at index episodes in bipolar disorder , 2011, Psychiatry Research.

[8]  A. Altamura,et al.  Patterns of Axis I comorbidity in relation to age in patients with Bipolar Disorder: a cross-sectional analysis. , 2011, Journal of affective disorders.

[9]  F. Uguz Successful treatment of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder with aripiprazole in three patients with bipolar disorder. , 2010, General hospital psychiatry.

[10]  F. Kapczinski,et al.  Correlates and impact of obsessive-compulsive comorbidity in bipolar disorder. , 2010, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[11]  A. Koyuncu,et al.  Impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidity on the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients with bipolar disorder. , 2010, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[12]  R. Shavitt,et al.  Bipolar disorder and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with higher rates of anxiety and impulse control disorders , 2010, Acta Neuropsychiatrica.

[13]  J. Biederman,et al.  Impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on the antimanic response to olanzapine therapy in youth with bipolar disorder. , 2010, Bipolar disorders.

[14]  Joseph Biederman,et al.  Clinical characteristics of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. , 2010, Bipolar disorders.

[15]  G. Goodwin,et al.  Lithium plus valproate combination therapy versus monotherapy for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder (BALANCE): a randomised open-label trial , 2010, The Lancet.

[16]  H. Akiskal,et al.  A Naturalistic Exploratory Study of the Impact of Demographic, Phenotypic and Comorbid Features in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder , 2010, Psychopathology.

[17]  R. Baldessarini,et al.  Mania associated with antidepressant treatment: comprehensive meta‐analytic review , 2009, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[18]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration , 2009, Annals of Internal Medicine [serial online].

[19]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration , 2009, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[20]  L. Criswell,et al.  Prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. , 2009, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[21]  Larach Dr,et al.  Improvement of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder with Divalproex and Lamotrigine in Two Patients with Bipolar II Disorder , 2009 .

[22]  H. Akiskal,et al.  Differential patterns of lifetime multiple anxiety disorder comorbidity between Latino adults with bipolar I and major depressive disorders. , 2008, Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic.

[23]  A. Alizadeh,et al.  The specific pattern of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder , 2008 .

[24]  U. Albert,et al.  Bipolar obsessive-compulsive disorder and personality disorders. , 2007, Bipolar disorders.

[25]  H. Akiskal,et al.  Bipolar co-morbidity in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: clinical and treatment implications. , 2007, Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology.

[26]  Y. Reddy,et al.  Bipolar and nonbipolar obsessive-compulsive disorder: a clinical exploration. , 2007, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[27]  R. Kessler,et al.  Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. , 2007, Archives of general psychiatry.

[28]  H. Akiskal,et al.  Dose-response relationship between number of comorbid anxiety disorders in adolescent bipolar/unipolar disorders, and psychosis, suicidality, substance abuse and familiality. , 2006, Journal of affective disorders.

[29]  D. Murphy,et al.  The hoarding dimension of OCD: psychological comorbidity and the five-factor personality model. , 2006, Behaviour research and therapy.

[30]  Masanori Ichise,et al.  Serotonin Transporter Binding in Bipolar Disorder Assessed using [11C]DASB and Positron Emission Tomography , 2006, Biological Psychiatry.

[31]  K. Thennarasu,et al.  Comorbidity of anxiety disorders in patients with remitted bipolar disorder , 2006, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.

[32]  A. Koyuncu,et al.  The clinical impact of mood disorder comorbidity on obsessive–compulsive disorder , 2006, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.

[33]  R. Baldessarini,et al.  Clinical outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or both , 2006, Human psychopharmacology.

[34]  A. Nierenberg,et al.  Predictors of recurrence in bipolar disorder: primary outcomes from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD). , 2006, The American journal of psychiatry.

[35]  G. Masi,et al.  A naturalistic study of referred children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. , 2005, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[36]  D. Murphy,et al.  Obsessive–compulsive disorder symptom dimensions show specific relationships to psychiatric comorbidity , 2005, Psychiatry Research.

[37]  R. Shavitt,et al.  Clinical expression of obsessive-compulsive disorder in women with bipolar disorder. , 2005, Revista brasileira de psiquiatria.

[38]  K. Schruers,et al.  Obsessive–compulsive disorder: a critical review of therapeutic perspectives , 2005, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[39]  M. Maj ‘Psychiatric comorbidity’: an artefact of current diagnostic systems? , 2005, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[40]  K.,et al.  Psychiatric and Medical Comorbidities of Bipolar Disorder , 2005, Psychosomatic medicine.

[41]  A. Nierenberg,et al.  Anxiety disorder comorbidity in bipolar disorder patients: data from the first 500 participants in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD). , 2004, The American journal of psychiatry.

[42]  G. MacQueen,et al.  Impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on outcome in a cohort of patients with bipolar disorder. , 2004, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[43]  C. Faravelli,et al.  The Sesto Fiorentino Study: Point and One-Year Prevalences of Psychiatric Disorders in an Italian Community Sample Using Clinical Interviewers , 2004, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.

[44]  C. Faravelli,et al.  The Sesto Fiorentino Study: Background, Methods and Preliminary Results , 2004, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.

[45]  A. Gamma,et al.  Obsessive-compulsive severity spectrum in the community: prevalence, comorbidity, and course , 2004, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.

[46]  M. Raja,et al.  Clinical management of obsessive-compulsive-bipolar comorbidity: a case series. , 2004, Bipolar disorders.

[47]  H. Akiskal,et al.  Obsessive-compulsive bipolar comorbidity: focus on children and adolescents. , 2004, Journal of affective disorders.

[48]  Rebecca Tillman,et al.  Ages of onset and rates of syndromal and subsyndromal comorbid DSM-IV diagnoses in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. , 2003, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[49]  H. Akiskal,et al.  Cyclothymic OCD: a distinct form? , 2003, Journal of affective disorders.

[50]  M. Fava,et al.  Comparing anxiety disorders and anxiety-related traits in bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. , 2003, Journal of psychiatric research.

[51]  M. Leboyer,et al.  Anxiety disorders in 318 bipolar patients: prevalence and impact on illness severity and response to mood stabilizer. , 2003, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[52]  H. Akiskal,et al.  Obsessive-compulsive-bipolar comorbidity: a systematic exploration of clinical features and treatment outcome. , 2002, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[53]  D. Marazziti,et al.  Insight in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a study of an Italian sample , 2002, European Psychiatry.

[54]  L. Tamam,et al.  Comorbidity of Anxiety Disorder among Patients with Bipolar I Disorder in Remission , 2002, Psychopathology.

[55]  E. Bromet,et al.  Obsessive-compulsive and panic symptoms in patients with first-admission psychosis. , 2002, The American journal of psychiatry.

[56]  L. Koran,et al.  The prevalence of clinically recognized obsessive-compulsive disorder in a large health maintenance organization. , 2001, The American journal of psychiatry.

[57]  A. Rush,et al.  Axis I psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to historical illness variables in 288 patients with bipolar disorder. , 2001, The American journal of psychiatry.

[58]  G. Cassano,et al.  Clinical characteristics of mania, mixed mania, and bipolar depression with psychotic features. , 2000, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[59]  Y. Reddy,et al.  Comorbidity in Juvenile Obsessive—Compulsive Disorder: A Report from India , 2000, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[60]  P. Bräunig,et al.  Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in recovered inpatients with bipolar disorder. , 2000, Bipolar disorders.

[61]  U. Albert,et al.  Gender-related clinical differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder , 1999, European Psychiatry.

[62]  S. Pallanti,et al.  Axis I comorbidity in bipolar disorder with psychotic features , 1999, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[63]  G. Cassano,et al.  Multiple anxiety disorder comorbidity in patients with mood spectrum disorders with psychotic features. , 1999, The American journal of psychiatry.

[64]  H. Akiskal,et al.  Depressive comorbidity of panic, social phobic, and obsessive-compulsive disorders re-examined: is there a bipolar II connection? , 1999, Journal of psychiatric research.

[65]  T. Silverstone,et al.  Familial Bipolar Disorder: Preliminary Results from the Otago Familial Bipolar Genetic Study , 1998, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[66]  S. Strakowski,et al.  Course of psychiatric and substance abuse syndromes co-occurring with bipolar disorder after a first psychiatric hospitalization. , 1998, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[67]  N. Black,et al.  The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. , 1998, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[68]  R. Hafner,et al.  The Prevalence of Comorbid Anxiety in Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder and Bipolar Disorder , 1998, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[69]  H. Akiskal,et al.  The clinical impact of bipolar and unipolar affective comorbidity on obsessive-compulsive disorder. , 1997, Journal of affective disorders.

[70]  S. Montgomery,et al.  Prevalence of anxiety disorders comorbidity in bipolar depression, unipolar depression and dysthymia. , 1997, Journal of affective disorders.

[71]  H. Akiskal,et al.  Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder , 1996, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[72]  M. Berk,et al.  Antidepressant induced mania in obsessive compulsive disorder , 1996, European Neuropsychopharmacology.

[73]  S. Dilsaver,et al.  Comorbidity for obsessive-compulsive disorder in bipolar and unipolar disorders , 1995, Psychiatry Research.

[74]  E. Persad,et al.  Comorbidity of obsessive compulsive disorder in bipolar disorder. , 1995, Journal of affective disorders.

[75]  S. Strakowski,et al.  Differences and similarities in mixed and pure mania. , 1995, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[76]  W. Steiner Fluoxetine-induced mania in a patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder. , 1991, The American journal of psychiatry.

[77]  P. Keck,et al.  An inverse relationship between mania and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report. , 1986, Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.

[78]  R. Kendell,et al.  The Hierarchy Model of Psychiatric Symptomatology: An Investigation Based on Present State Examination Ratings , 1979, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[79]  A R Feinstein,et al.  THE PRE-THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION OF CO-MORBIDITY IN CHRONIC DISEASE. , 1970, Journal of chronic diseases.

[80]  A. B. Hill The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation? , 1965, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

[81]  MD Alan J. Gelenberg,et al.  Clinical Psychiatry , 1955 .

[82]  M. Barclay,et al.  Manic-Depressive Insanity and Paranoia , 1921, The Indian Medical Gazette.

[83]  B. A. Morel Traité des Maladies Mentales , 1860, Glasgow Medical Journal.

[84]  J. Higgins Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration , 2011 .

[85]  N. M. Mukaddes,et al.  High rates of psychiatric co-morbidity in individuals with Asperger's disorder. , 2010, The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry.

[86]  G. Perugi,et al.  Pharmacotherapy in Paediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder , 2009, CNS drugs.

[87]  R. Tükel,et al.  Comparison of clinical characteristics in episodic and chronic obsessive–compulsive disorder , 2007, Depression and anxiety.

[88]  A. Gamma,et al.  Obsessive-compulsive syndromes and disorders: significance of comorbidity with bipolar and anxiety syndromes. , 2005, European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience.

[89]  R. Shavitt,et al.  Impact of age at onset and duration of illness on the expression of comorbidities in obsessive-compulsive disorder. , 2004, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[90]  Alex Gamma,et al.  Toward a re-definition of subthreshold bipolarity: epidemiology and proposed criteria for bipolar-II, minor bipolar disorders and hypomania. , 2003, Journal of affective disorders.

[91]  H. Akiskal,et al.  Episodic course in obsessive-compulsive disorder , 1998, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.

[92]  A. Stoll,et al.  Comorbidity in mania at first hospitalization. , 1992, The American journal of psychiatry.

[93]  S. Guze,et al.  Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia. , 1970, The American journal of psychiatry.