Configuration and Management of Networked Embedded Devices

application.models.provide.several.advantages.for.application.development: •. The.modular.design.of.applications.helps.to.deal.with.complexity.by.applying.a.divide-andconquer. strategy.. Furthermore,. modular. design. supports. reuse. of. application. components. and. physical. separation. •. The. separation. of. application. logic. from. physical. dependencies. allows. hardware-independent. design.that.enables.application.development.before.hardware.is.available,.as.well.as.easing.migration.and.possibly.allowing.the.reuse.(of.parts).of.applications. For.configuring.a.physical.fieldbus.system.from.such.an.application.model,.we.must.examine.(1).how. this.application.model.maps.to.the.physical.nodes.in.the.network.and.(2).how.information.flow.is.maintained.in.the.network. In.order.to.map.the.application.model.to.actual.devices,.fieldbuses.often.provide.a.model.for.specifying.physical.devices,.for.example,.in.Profibus.DP,.the.physical.mapping.between.function.blocks.and.the. physical.device.is.implemented.as.follows.(see.Figure.3.6):.A.physical.device.can.be.subdivided.in.several. modules.that.take.the.role.as.virtual.devices..Each.device.can.have.from.one.(in.case.of.simple.functionality).to.many.slots,.which.provide.the.mapping.from.physical.devices.to.function.blocks..A function. block.is.mapped.to.a.slot,.whereas.slots.may.have.associated.physical.and.transducer.blocks..Physical. and.transducer.blocks.represent.physical.properties.of.a.fieldbus.device..Parameters.of.a.function.block. are.indexed,.and.the.slot.number.and.parameter.index.cooperatively.define.the.mapping.to.data.in.the. device.memory. In.contrast,.the.FF.follows.an.object-oriented.design.philosophy..Thus,.all.information.items.related. to.configuring.a.device.and.the.application.(control.strategy).are.represented.with.objects..This.includes. function.blocks,.parameters,. as.well. as. subelements.of.parameters..These.objects. are. collected. in.an. object.dictionary.(OD),.whereas.each.object.is.assigned.an.index..This.OD.defines.the.mapping.to.the. physical. memory. on. the. respective. device.. In. order. to. understand. the. methods. for. controlling. the. . communication.flow.between.the.application.components,.we.first.examine.some.recurring.important. communication.properties.in.fieldbus.applications: •. Use.of.state.communication.as.primary.communication.mechanism.for.operating.a.fieldbus.[41].. State.communication.usually.involves.cyclically.updating.the.associated.application.data. •. Support.for.asynchronous/sporadic.communication.(event.communication).in.order.to.perform. management.functions.and.deal.with.parts.of.the.application.that.cannot.be.performed.with.state. communication.

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