Aircraft optimization for minimal environmental impact

The objective of this research is to investigate the trade-off between operating cost and environmental acceptability of commercial aircraft. This involves optimizing the aircraft design and mission to minimize operating cost while constraining exterior noise and emissions. Growth in air traffic and airport neighboring communities has resulted in increased pressure to severely penalize airlines that do not meet strict local noise and emissions requirements. As a result, environmental concerns have become potent driving forces in commercial aviation. Traditionally, aircraft have been first designed to meet performance and cost goals, and adjusted to satisfy the environmental requirements at given airports. The focus of the present study is to determine the feasibility of including noise and emissions constraints in the early design of the aircraft and mission. This paper introduces the design tool and results from a case study involving a 250-passenger airliner.

[1]  Michael J. T. Smith,et al.  Aircraft Noise: Frontmatter , 1989 .

[2]  Robert Liebeck,et al.  BLENDED-WING-BODY SUBSONIC COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT , 1998 .

[3]  Ilan Kroo,et al.  OPTIMIZING AIRCRAFT AND OPERATIONS FOR MINIMUM NOISE , 2002 .

[4]  Jephthah A. Abara,et al.  Applying Integer Linear Programming to the Fleet Assignment Problem , 1989 .

[5]  David Rodriguez,et al.  A multidisciplinary optimization method for designing boundary layer ingesting inlets , 2001 .

[6]  David L. Rodriguez.  A MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR DESIGNING INLETS USING COMPLEX VARIABLES , 2000 .

[7]  Kevin Elmer,et al.  A Continuous Descent Approach Study Using Ames B747-400 Flight Simulator , 2002 .

[8]  A. Lefebvre.  Gas Turbine Combustion , 1983 .

[9]  Louis Erkelens.  Advanced Noise Abatement Procedures for Approach and Departure , 2002 .

[10]  J. Martins.  A coupled-adjoint method for high-fidelity aero-structural optimization , 2002 .

[11]  Ilan Kroo,et al.  Collaborative Optimization: Status and Directions , 2000 .

[12]  George L. Nemhauser,et al.  The fleet assignment problem: Solving a large-scale integer program , 1995, Math. Program..

[13]  J. Penner,et al.  Aviation and the Global Atmosphere , 1999 .

[14]  John B. Heywood,et al.  Internal combustion engine fundamentals , 1988 .

[15]  Martin R. Fink,et al.  Airframe Noise Component Interaction Studies , 1980 .

[16]  Ilan Kroo,et al.  An interactive system for aircraft design and optimization , 1992 .

[17]  J. E. Green,et al.  Greener by Design — the technology challenge , 2002, The Aeronautical Journal (1968).

[18]  Martin R. Fink.  Airframe Noise Prediction Method , 1977 .

[19]  Russell A. Rushmeier,et al.  Advances in the Optimization of Airline Fleet Assignment , 1997, Transp. Sci..

[20]  Kalyanmoy Deb,et al.  Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms , 2001, Wiley-Interscience series in systems and optimization.

[21]  Dennis F. X. Mathaisel,et al.  Airline Scheduling: An Overview , 1985, Transp. Sci..

[22]  Paul Durbin,et al.  New sampling distributions for evolution algorithms , 2003 .

[23]  Ilan Kroo,et al.  Fleet Assignment Using Collective Intelligence , 2004 .

[24]  John A. Nelder,et al.  A Simplex Method for Function Minimization , 1965, Comput. J..

[25]  Garrett E. Barter,et al.  Exploration and assessment of the environmental design space for commercial aircraft and future technologies , 2004 .

[26]  Ian A. Waitz,et al.  Effects of Engine Aging on Aircraft NOx Emissions , 1997 .

[27]  R. E. Gillian,et al.  Aircraft noise prediction program user's manual , 1982 .

[28]  Carl H. Gerhold,et al.  Inlet Noise Reduction by Shielding for the Blended-Wing-Body Airplane , 1999 .

[29]  J. R. Stone,et al.  An improved prediction method for noise generated by conventional profile coaxial jets , 1981 .

[30]  Valerie Michelle Manning,et al.  Large-scale design of supersonic aircraft via collaborative optimization , 1999 .

[31]  W. F. Ahtye,et al.  Noise generation by a lifting wing/flap combination at Reynolds numbers to 2.8 x 10 to the 6th , 1980 .

[32]  Leonard Bridgeman,et al.  Jane's All the World's Aircraft , 1970 .

[33]  Ilan Kroo,et al.  The challenge and promise of blended-wing-body optimization , 1998 .

[34]  John-Paul Clarke,et al.  Community Noise Reduction Using Continuous Descent Approach: A Demonstration Flight Test at Louisville , 2003 .

[35]  David E. Goldberg,et al.  Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization and Machine Learning , 1988 .

[36]  Brian W. Kernighan,et al.  AMPL: A Modeling Language for Mathematical Programming , 1993 .

[37]  John B. Heywood,et al.  Jet aircraft air pollutant production and dispersion , 1970 .

[38]  M. F. Heidmann,et al.  Interim prediction method for fan and compressor source noise , 1975 .

[39]  P V Bruel,et al.  Aircraft Noise , 1971, Royal Society of Health journal.

[40]  M. K. Chan,et al.  Supersonic aircraft optimization for minimizing drag and sonic boom , 2003 .

[41]  J. L. Colehour,et al.  Investigation of very high bypass ratio engines for subsonic transports , 1990 .