Petrogenesis of the Ophiolitic Giant Chromite Deposits of Kempirsai, Kazakhstan: a Study of Solid and Fluid Inclusions in Chromite

hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and nitrogen have been determined in Chromites forming giant orebodies in the southern part of the Early inclusion-rich samples. (3) In the northern and western part of the Palaeozoic ophiolite sequence of the Kempirsai Massif (Kazakhstan, Kempirsai massif, complex silicate–oxide assemblages formed in Urals) contain a large number of inclusions, i.e. silicates, sulphides, small orebodies of orbicular Al-rich chrome spinel. Chlorite, amalloys, arsenides, and fluids. The chromite orebodies are surrounded phibole, hydrogarnet, sphene, manganoan ilmenite and Ca–Ti oxide by dunite envelopes of variable thickness, which show transitional are documented in addition to Ni sulphides and rare PGM. The boundaries to harzburgite host rocks. The composition of ore-forming formation of chromitite in the Kempirsai Massif is explained in chromites in depleted mantle rocks of the southern part of the massif terms of a multi-stage process involving mantle fluids. Low-Cr, (Main Ore Field) is rather uniform, showing high cr-number high-Al spinel present in small orebodies in the northern and western [100Cr/(Cr+Al), 78–84] and mg-number [100Mg/ part of the massif formed from mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)(Mg+Fe), 51–85] values. Smaller bodies of Al-rich spinel in type melts extracted from fertile mantle in an extensional tectonic the northern and western part of the massif (Batamshinsk) have setting. The large orebodies and the amphibole–chromite veins in variable cr-number (38–60) and mg-number (50–88) values. the southern part formed later from interaction of hydrous, secondThree textural types of inclusions in chromite are distinguished: (1) stage high-Mg melts and fluids with depleted mantle in a convergent In Main Ore Field chromites, primary silicate inclusions generally tectonic setting. Metasomatic alteration of the mantle wedge above have high mg-number (>95), Cr and Ni, and are dominated by subducted crust by fluids played an important role in generating pargasitic amphibole, forsterite, diopside, enstatite and Na-phlosecond-stage melts and in releasing metals. gopite. Chromite formed over a temperature range from ~1200° to <1000°C at oxygen fugacities 1–2 log units above the fayalite– magnetite–quartz (FMQ) buffer. A diversity of primary and secondary platinum-group minerals (PGM) is described from the chromitites, including alloys, sulphides, sulpharsenides and arsenides

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