Generation of singlet oxygen and other radical species by quantum dot and carbon dot nanosensitizers

Medicinal applications of luminescent semiconductor quantum dots are of growing interest. In spite of the fact that their fabrication and imaging applications have been extensively investigated for the last decade, very little is documented on photodynamic action of quantum dots. In this study we demonstrate generation of singlet oxygen and other radical species upon exposure of quantum dots to blue light and therapeutic red light. Extent of radical production can be readily modified by antioxidants. Lay and scientific communities are two sites concerning potential hazards and enthusiastic applications of nanotechnology. Synthesis of quantum dots composed of less toxic materials is of great interest. A new candidate is a ubiquitous element carbon, which on nanoscale exhibits strong photoluminescence.