可充電無線感測網路最佳化充電器佈置; Optimized Charger Deployment for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

摘要 可充電無線感測網路 (Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network, WRSN)中,可適時利用無線充電技術(Wireless Charging Technology)補充感測節點(Sensor Node)的電力, 使整個感測網路得以持續運行,而具有永續性 (Sustainability)。在 WRSN 中,有兩個重要問題 (1) 如何 有效的佈置充電器而能以最少的充電器覆蓋所有的感測 節點; (2) 如何制定合宜的充電器工作週期(Duty Cycle)。 本論文針對可佈置於固定高度格子點(Grid Point)上具指 向性天線 (Directional Antenna)的無線充電器 (Wireless Charger),提出解決上述問題的三個演算法: (1)基於節點 的貪婪圓錐選擇 NB-GCS (Node Based Greedy Cone Selecting)演算法: 嘗試以個別節點相關聯圓錐為基礎,以 貪婪方式選擇最小數量的充電器。(2) 基於點對的貪婪圓 錐選擇 PB-GCS (Pair Based Greedy Cone Selecting) 演算 法: 嘗試以每對節點相關聯圓錐為基礎,以貪婪方式選擇 最小數量的充電器。(3) DCS(Duty Cycle Scheduling)演算 法: 為了節省無線充電器的電力消耗,我們以感測節點的 工作資訊來推算其耗電率,並根據感測節點回報的充電 效益來制定出各個無線充電器的工作週期。 藉由模擬與時間複雜度分析,藉以比較 PB-GCS 演算 法與 NB-GCS 演算法的效能,結果顯示 PB-GCS 演算法 最佳化充電器數量的效果優於 NB-GCS 演算法,但 NB-GCS 有較低的時間複雜度。

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