Factors affecting Income Strategies among households in Tanzanian Coastal Villages: Implications for Development-conservation initiatives

This paper applies Tobit models to investigate factors that explain households’ decision-making on whether or not to participate in various activities, using household data collected from two Tanzanian coastal villages (Mlingotini and Nyamanzi). The results indicate that households’ decision to participate in various activities is significantly influenced by asset endowments, households’ structure, local institutions, and location- specific characteristics of both villages. In addition, these results reveal that fishing assets entitlements and access influence are the main determinants for variation in total household’s income. Taken together, the findings show existence of households’ heterogeneity in making choices among different activities, which should be considered by policymakers when designing conservation-development policies in coastal areas.

[1]  E. Thorbecke,et al.  Rural Development, Growth and Poverty in Africa , 2004 .

[2]  M. Fisher.  Household welfare and forest dependence in Southern Malawi , 2004, Environment and Development Economics.

[3]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  Liability And Compensation For Climate Change Damages – A Legal And Economic Assessment , 2001 .

[4]  Kevin M. Schreiber Gotz A. Cleaver,et al.  Reversing the Spiral: The Population, Agriculture, and Environment Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa , 1994 .

[5]  R. Tol,et al.  Testing the implications of a marine reserve on the population dynamics of Eastern Baltic cod under varying environmental conditions , 2005 .

[6]  R. Tol,et al.  Implications of desalination for water resources in China — an economic perspective , 2004 .

[7]  I. Yetkiner,et al.  A SHORT NOTE ON THE SOLUTION PROCEDURE OF BARRO AND SALA-I-MARTIN FOR RESTORING CONSTANCY CONDITIONS , 2003 .

[8]  H. Gintis,et al.  Social Capital and Community Governance , 2002 .

[9]  Erkan Erdil,et al.  A Panel Data Approach for Income-Health Causality , 2004 .

[10]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  Possible economic impacts of a shutdown of the thermohaline circulation: an application of FUND , 2004 .

[11]  O. Coomes,et al.  Targeting conservation-development initiatives in tropical forests: insights from analyses of rain forest use and economic reliance among Amazonian peasants , 2004 .

[12]  Y. Mgaya,et al.  COASTAL RESOURCES UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION ISSUES IN BAGAMOYO, TANZANIA , 1998 .

[13]  S. Scherr.  A downward spiral? Research evidence on the relationship between poverty and natural resource degradation. , 2000 .

[14]  Roberto Roson,et al.  A General Equilibrium Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on Tourism , 2004 .

[15]  R. Tol,et al.  Effects of climate change on international tourism , 2005 .

[16]  Peter Link,et al.  Auswirkungen populationsdynamischer Veränderungen in Fischbeständen auf die Fischereiwirtschaft in der Barentssee , 2003 .

[17]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  Optimal CO2-abatement with Socio-economic Inertia and Induced Technological Change , 2006 .

[18]  Christopher B. Barrett,et al.  Nonfarm Income Diversification and Household Livelihood Strategies in Rural Africa: Concepts, Dynamics and Policy Implications , 2001 .

[19]  S. Vosti,et al.  Links between rural poverty and the environment in developing countries: Asset categories and investment poverty , 1995 .

[20]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  Multi-Gas Emission Reduction for Climate Change Policy: An Application of Fund , 2006 .

[21]  Leonardo R. Corral,et al.  Assets, Activities and Income Generation in Rural Mexico: Factoring in Social and Public Capital , 2002 .

[22]  C. Grootaert,et al.  Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network The World Bank Revised Draft Social Capital , Household Welfare and Poverty in Indonesia , 1999 .

[23]  G. Rullière,et al.  The Theory of Peasant Economy , 1969 .

[24]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  How much damage will climate change do? Recent estimates , 2000 .

[25]  Bruce A. McCarl,et al.  Leakage and Comparative Advantage Implications of Agricultural Participation in Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation , 2007 .

[26]  A. Janvry,et al.  Income Strategies Among Rural Households in Mexico: The Role of Off-farm Activities , 2001 .

[27]  A. Portes.  Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology , 1998 .

[28]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  The Hotelling’s Rule Revisited in a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model , 2004 .

[29]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  The Impact of Climate on Holiday Destination Choice , 2005 .

[30]  David Maddison,et al.  Climate and Happiness , 2005 .

[31]  Katrin Rehdanz,et al.  Hedonic Pricing of Climate Change Impacts to Households in Great Britain , 2006 .

[32]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  How large Is the uncertainty about climate change , 2000 .

[33]  Roberto Roson,et al.  An integrated assessment model of economy-energy-climate - the model wiagem: a comment , 2003 .

[34]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  State responsibility and compensation for climate change damages--a legal and economic assessment , 2004 .

[35]  Richard S.J. Tol,et al.  The marginal damage costs of carbon-dioxide emissions’ , 2005 .

[36]  Arielle S. Levine.  LOCAL RESPONSES TO MARINE CONSERVATION IN ZANZIBAR, TANZANIA , 2002 .

[37]  Andrea Bigano,et al.  A Global Database of Domestic and International Tourist Numbers at National and Subnational Level , 2005 .

[38]  Malte Schwoon,et al.  Simulating the adoption of fuel cell vehicles , 2006 .

[39]  Gary Yohe,et al.  moving toward a working definition of adaptive capacity , 2002 .

[40]  Maren A. Lau.  Coastal Zone Management in the People’s Republic of China: A Unique Approach? , 2003 .

[41]  Katrin Rehdanz,et al.  ON MULTI-PERIOD ALLOCATION OF TRADABLE EMISSION PERMITS , 2004 .

[42]  Bart Minten,et al.  Returns to Social Network Capital Among Traders , 2002 .

[43]  J. Hamilton,et al.  The Role of Climate Information in Tourist Destination Choice Decision Making , 2004 .

[44]  D. Masalu.  Coastal Erosion and Its Social and Environmental Aspects in Tanzania: A Case Study in Illegal Sand Mining , 2002 .

[45]  R. Nicholls,et al.  A global analysis of human settlement in coastal zones , 2003 .

[46]  I. Hakan Yetkiner,et al.  IS THERE AN INDISPENSABLE ROLE FOR GOVERNMENT DURING RECOVERY FROM AN EARTHQUAKE? A THEORETICAL ELABORATION , 2003 .

[47]  Bruce A. McCarl,et al.  MEASURING ABATEMENT POTENTIALS WHEN MULTIPLE CHANGE IS PRESENT: THE CASE OF GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION IN U.S. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY , 2002 .

[48]  Leonardo R. Corral,et al.  Rural Nonfarm Incomes in Nicaragua , 2001 .

[49]  Katrin Rehdanz,et al.  The Amenity Value of Climate to German Households , 2004 .

[50]  Bartolomeu Soto,et al.  Perceptions of the Forestry and Wildlife Policy by the local communities living in the Maputo Elephant Reserve, Mozambique , 2001, Biodiversity & Conservation.

[51]  T. Reardon,et al.  Determinants and effects of income diversification amongst farm households in Burkina Faso , 1991 .

[52]  Maren A. Lau.  Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the People’s Republic of China – An Assessment of Structural Impacts on Decision-making Processes , 2005 .

[53]  R. Tol,et al.  The double trade-off between adaptation and mitigation for sea level rise: an application of FUND , 2007 .

[54]  Junior R. Davis,et al.  Issues and options , 2005 .

[55]  Kerstin Ronneberger,et al.  KLUM: A simple model of global agricultural land use as a coupling tool of economy and vegetation , 2005 .

[56]  Mette Termansen,et al.  Benefit Transfer over Time of Ecosystem Values: the Case of Forest Recreation , 2005 .

[57]  Stefan Dercon,et al.  Wealth, risk and activity choice: cattle in Western Tanzania , 1998 .

[58]  Jan Van Heerden,et al.  Triple dividends of water consumption charges in South Africa , 2007 .

[59]  Uwe A. Schneider,et al.  Economic Impacts of Changes in Fish Population Dynamics: The Role of the Fishermen’s Harvesting Strategies , 2011 .

[60]  Adriaan van Zon,et al.  The cyclical advancement of drastic technologies , 2002 .

[61]  M. Öhman,et al.  Marine fisheries in Tanzania. , 2002 .

[62]  Maren A. Lau,et al.  Küstenzonenmanagement in der Volksrepublik China und Anpassungsstrategien an den Meeresspiegelanstieg Coastal Zone Management in the People's Republic of China and the Adapta- tion to Sea-level Rise , 2004 .

[63]  Robert Walker,et al.  Land Use and Land Cover Change in Forest Frontiers: The Role of Household Life Cycles , 2002 .

[64]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  The Impact of Climate Change on Domestic and International Tourism: A Simulation Study , 2006 .

[65]  Bruce A. McCarl,et al.  Implications of a Carbon-Based Energy Tax for U.S. Agriculture , 2005, Agricultural and Resource Economics Review.

[66]  J. Andersson,et al.  COASTAL COMMUNITIES' PRODUCTION CHOICES, RISK DIVERSIFICATION, AND SUBSISTENCE BEHAVIOR : RESPONSES IN PERIODS OF TRANSITION A CASE STUDY FROM TANZANI A , 1998 .

[67]  M. Jung,et al.  Ocean carbon sinks and international climate policy , 2006 .

[68]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  THE BENEFITS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION: AN APPLICATION OF FUND , 2005 .