Advances in Converter Control and Innovative Exploitation of Additional Degrees of Freedom for Multiphase Machines

Multiphase variable-speed drives and generation systems (systems with more than three phases) have become one of the mainstream research areas during the last decade. The main driving forces are the specific applications, predominantly related to the green agenda, such as electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EVs), locomotive traction, ship propulsion, “more-electric” aircraft, remote offshore wind farms for electric energy generation, and general high-power industrial applications. As a result, produced body of significant work is substantial, making it impossible to review all the major developments in a single paper. This paper therefore surveys the recent progress in two specific areas associated with multiphase systems, namely power electronic supply control and innovative ways of using the additional degrees of freedom in multiphase machines for various nontraditional purposes.

[1]  K. Gopakumar,et al.  A Harmonic Suppression Scheme for Open-End Winding Split-Phase IM Drive Using Capacitive Filters for the Full Speed Range , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[2]  John E. Fletcher,et al.  Space vector PWM for five-to-three phase conventional matrix converter with d2–q2 vector elimination , 2013, 2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder.

[3]  Drazen Dujic,et al.  General Modulation Strategy for Seven-Phase Inverters With Independent Control of Multiple Voltage Space Vectors , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[4]  Luis De Sousa,et al.  A combined multiphase electric drive and fast battery charger for Electric Vehicles , 2010, 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[5]  Drazen Dujic,et al.  Multidimensional Two-Level Multiphase Space Vector PWM Algorithm and Its Comparison With Multifrequency Space Vector PWM Method , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[6]  M. Jones,et al.  Recent advances in power electronic converter control for multiphase drive systems , 2013, 2013 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD).

[7]  Obrad Dordevic,et al.  Analytical Formulas for Phase Voltage RMS Squared and THD in PWM Multiphase Systems , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[8]  Davood Yazdani,et al.  Full Utilization of the Inverter in Split-Phase Drives by Means of a Dual Three-Phase Space Vector Classification Algorithm , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[9]  Arwindra Rizqiawan,et al.  Input ripple analysis of five-phase pulse width modulated inverters , 2010 .

[10]  M. Jones,et al.  A space-vector modulation scheme for multi-level open-end winding five-phase drives , 2012, 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[11]  O. Carlson,et al.  An integrated split-phase dual-inverter permanent magnet motor drive and battery charger for grid-connected electric or hybrid vehicles , 2012, 2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines.

[12]  G. Grandi,et al.  Experimental verification of current ripple amplitude in five-phase PWM VSIs , 2013, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[13]  S. Halasz,et al.  PWM strategies of multi-phase inverters , 2008, 2008 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[14]  Fabien Meinguet,et al.  Flux-weakening operation of open-end winding drive integrating a cost-effective high-power charger , 2013 .

[15]  Gabriele Grandi,et al.  Five-phase and six-phase converters with synchronized PWM: An overview , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[16]  Gabriele Grandi,et al.  Six-phase motor drive supplied by four voltage source inverters with synchronized space-vector PWM , 2011 .

[17]  H.A. Toliyat,et al.  Steady-State Modeling of Series-Connected Five-Phase and Six-Phase Two-Motor Drives , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[18]  A. S. Abdel-Khalik,et al.  Performance evaluation of eleven-phase induction machine using selective harmonic elimination , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives.

[19]  Hong-Hee Lee,et al.  Carrier-based PWM technique for three-to-five phase indirect matrix converters , 2011, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[20]  M. Jones,et al.  A Dual Five-Phase Space-Vector Modulation Algorithm Based on the Decomposition Method , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[21]  Ping Zheng,et al.  Near-Five-Vector SVPWM Algorithm for Five-Phase Six-Leg Inverters under Unbalanced Load Conditions , 2014 .

[22]  Martin Jones,et al.  Analysis of Output Current-Ripple RMS in Multiphase Drives Using Polygon Approach , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[23]  D. Casadei,et al.  Position Control of a Multi-Motor Drive Based on Series-Connected Five-Phase Tubular PM Actuators , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[24]  M. Hilairet,et al.  An integrated fast battery charger for Electric Vehicle , 2010, 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[25]  Slobodan N. Vukosavic,et al.  Parallel-Connected Multiphase Multidrive Systems With Single Inverter Supply , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[26]  Luca Zarri,et al.  Minimization of the Power Losses in IGBT Multiphase Inverters with Carrier-Based Pulsewidth Modulation , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[27]  Luca Zarri,et al.  Space Vector Modulation for Multiphase Inverters Based on a Space Partitioning Algorithm , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[28]  Haitham Abu-Rub,et al.  Space vector pulse width modulation scheme for three to seven phase direct matrix converter , 2014, 2014 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2014.

[29]  Olorunfemi Ojo,et al.  Carrier-based modulation of non-square multi-phase AC-AC matrix converters , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[30]  Francisco D. Freijedo,et al.  Multilevel Multiphase Feedforward Space-Vector Modulation Technique , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[31]  Eric Semail,et al.  An efficient control of a series connected two-synchronous motor 5-phase with non sinusoidal EMF supplied by a single 5-leg VSI: Experimental and theoretical investigations , 2012 .

[32]  Paolo Tenti,et al.  Optimum control of N-input K-output matrix converters , 1992 .

[33]  G Grandi,et al.  Multi-phase multi-level AC motor drive based on four three-phase two-level inverters , 2010, SPEEDAM 2010.

[34]  Xiaoyi Jiang,et al.  Novel Filter for Stator Harmonic Currents Reduction in Six-Step Converter Fed Multiphase Induction Motor Drives , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[35]  Emil Levi,et al.  Multiphase Electric Machines for Variable-Speed Applications , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[36]  Haitham Abu-Rub,et al.  Generalized Duty-Ratio-Based Pulsewidth Modulation Technique for a Three-to- $k$ Phase Matrix Converter , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[37]  E. Levi,et al.  A Vector Space Decomposition Based Space Vector PWM Algorithm for a Three-Level Seven-Phase Voltage Source Inverter , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[38]  Sang Woo Nam,et al.  Medium-Voltage Current-Source Converter Drives for Marine Propulsion System Using a Dual-Winding Synchronous Machine , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[39]  Sang Woo Nam,et al.  Medium-Voltage Current-Source Converter Drives for Marine Propulsion System Using a Dual-Winding Synchronous Machine , 2014 .

[40]  Mats Alaküla,et al.  Grid-Connected Integrated Battery Chargers in Vehicle Applications: Review and New Solution , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[41]  Obrad Dordevic,et al.  A Comparison of Carrier-Based and Space Vector PWM Techniques for Three-Level Five-Phase Voltage Source Inverters , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[42]  Martin Jones,et al.  Investigation of Carrier-Based PWM Techniques for a Five-Phase Open-End Winding Drive Topology , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[43]  Wooi Ping Hew,et al.  Operation of a Six-Phase Induction Machine Using Series-Connected Machine-Side Converters , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[44]  Sergio L. Toral Marín,et al.  SVM Procedure for $n$-Phase VSI With Low Harmonic Distortion in the Overmodulation Region , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[45]  Keng-Yuan Chen,et al.  Analytical Solutions of Multilevel Space-Vector PWM for Multiphase Voltage Source Inverters , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[46]  Edison R. C. da Silva,et al.  Six-phase machine conversion system with three-phase and single-phase series converters , 2013, 2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[47]  John E. Fletcher,et al.  A three-level five-phase inverter with coupled inductors and DC flux cancellation , 2013, 2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder.

[48]  E. Levi,et al.  Number of switching state vectors and space vectors in multilevel multiphase converters , 2009 .

[49]  A. Rufer,et al.  Poly-phased matrix converter for large synchronous generators — Design of the voltage surge protection , 2009, 2009 13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[50]  Hubert Razik,et al.  Advanced Digital Control of a Six-Phase Series-Connected Two-induction Machine Drive , 2011 .

[51]  A. Muetze,et al.  On the Common-Mode Voltage in Multilevel Multiphase Single- and Double-Ended Diode-Clamped Voltage-Source Inverter Systems , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[52]  Richard W G Bucknall,et al.  On the Conceptual Design and Performance of a Matrix Converter for Marine Electric Propulsion , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[53]  E. Levi,et al.  A Fast On-Board Integrated Battery Charger for EVs Using an Asymmetrical Six-Phase Machine , 2014, 2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC).

[54]  J. Soltani,et al.  A Two-Frequency Quasi Six-Phase Voltage Source Inverter Based on Space Vector PWM , 2010 .

[55]  A. Iqbal,et al.  Three-Phase to Seven-Phase Power Converting Transformer , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[56]  Haitham Abu-Rub,et al.  Space vector PWM technique for a direct five-to-three-phase matrix converter , 2013, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[57]  Fabien Meinguet,et al.  Control Strategies for Open-End Winding Drives Operating in the Flux-Weakening Region , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[58]  Drazen Dujic,et al.  A Space Vector PWM Scheme for Multifrequency Output Voltage Generation With Multiphase Voltage-Source Inverters , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[59]  Sandor Halasz Discontinuous modulation of multiphase inverter-fed AC motors , 2009, 2009 13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[60]  A. Iqbal,et al.  Comprehensive Relationship Between Carrier-Based PWM and Space Vector PWM in a Five-Phase VSI , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[61]  Hamid A. Toliyat,et al.  Multiphase induction motor drives - : a technology status review , 2007 .

[62]  J. Prieto,et al.  Analytical evaluation of switching characteristics in five-phase drives with discontinuous space vector pulse width modulation techniques , 2011, Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[63]  Francisco D. Freijedo,et al.  Multilevel Multiphase Space Vector PWM Algorithm , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[64]  Gabriele Grandi,et al.  Analysis of Peak-to-Peak Current Ripple Amplitude in Seven-Phase PWM Voltage Source Inverters , 2013 .

[65]  Atif Iqbal,et al.  A Novel Three-Phase to Five-Phase Transformation Using a Special Transformer Connection , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[66]  E.G. Supriatna,et al.  Output Current Ripple Analysis of Five-Phase PWM Inverters , 2007, 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems.

[67]  Ahmed M. Massoud,et al.  Sinusoidal PWM modulation technique of five-phase current-source-converters with controlled modulation index , 2014, 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE).

[68]  John E. Fletcher,et al.  A Space Vector Switching Strategy for Three-Level Five-Phase Inverter Drives , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[69]  M. Jones,et al.  Analysis of Output Current Ripple rms in Multiphase Drives Using Space Vector Approach , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[70]  F. Barrero,et al.  Space Vector PWM With Reduced Common-Mode Voltage for Five-Phase Induction Motor Drives Operating in Overmodulation Zone , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[71]  S. Halasz Overmodulation region of multi-phase inverters , 2008, 2008 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.

[72]  César A. Silva,et al.  Space Vector PWM Method for Five-Phase Two-Level VSI With Minimum Harmonic Injection in the Overmodulation Region , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[73]  Y. Burkhardt,et al.  Design and analysis of a highly integrated 9-phase drivetrain for EV applications , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM).

[74]  Mats Alaküla,et al.  An Isolated High-Power Integrated Charger in Electrified-Vehicle Applications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[75]  Martin Jones,et al.  A Space Vector PWM With Common-Mode Voltage Elimination for Open-End Winding Five-Phase Drives With a Single DC Supply , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[76]  Govindasamy Renukadevi,et al.  Field programmable gate array implementation of space-vector pulse-width modulation technique for five-phase voltage source inverter , 2014 .

[77]  Alfred Rufer,et al.  Poly-phased Matrix Converter — A 27 input phases to 3 output phases experimental set-up running with hard and soft commutations , 2011, Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[78]  Francisco D. Freijedo,et al.  Digital Parameterizable VHDL Module for Multilevel Multiphase Space Vector PWM , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[79]  A. Iqbal,et al.  PWM scheme for dual matrix converters based five-phase open-end winding drive , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT).

[80]  Edison Roberto Cabral da Silva,et al.  Reduced Switch-Count Six-Phase AC Motor Drive Systems Without Input Reactor , 2008, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[81]  Drazen Dujic,et al.  Switching Ripple Characteristics of Space Vector PWM Schemes for Five-Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverters—Part 1: Flux Harmonic Distortion Factors , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[82]  Martin Jones,et al.  Isolated Chargers for EVs Incorporating Six-Phase Machines , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[83]  M. Jones,et al.  Dead-time effects in voltage source inverter fed multi-phase AC motor drives and their compensation , 2009, 2009 13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[84]  A. Iqbal,et al.  Space Vector PWM Technique for a Three-to-Five-Phase Matrix Converter , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[85]  Nady Rocha,et al.  Six-Phase Machine Conversion System With Three- and Single-Phase Series Converters , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[86]  Hongchen Liu,et al.  Simplified circuit and modulation scheme for five-phase three-level voltage source inverter , 2013 .

[87]  G. Scelba,et al.  Space vector modulation technique for common mode currents reduction in six phase AC drives , 2013, 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE).

[88]  Martin Jones,et al.  Carrier-based pulse-width modulation techniques for asymmetrical six-phase open-end winding drives , 2013 .

[89]  Fabien Meinguet,et al.  Fault-tolerant operation of an open-end winding five-phase PMSM drive with inverter faults , 2013, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[90]  Haitham Abu-Rub,et al.  Simple Carrier-Based PWM Technique for a Three-to-Nine-Phase Direct AC–AC Converter , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[91]  Emil Levi,et al.  An EV Drive-Train With Integrated Fast Charging Capability , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[92]  Emil Levi,et al.  Output current ripple analysis for asymmetrical six-phase drives using double zero-sequence injection PWM , 2011, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[93]  Abderrezak Rezzoug,et al.  A New PWM Strategy Based on a 24-Sector Vector Space Decomposition for a Six-Phase VSI-Fed Dual Stator Induction Motor , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[94]  Y. Gritli,et al.  Fault-tolerant operating analysis of a quad-inverter multiphase multilevel AC motor drive , 2011, 8th IEEE Symposium on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics & Drives.

[95]  Polipaka Venkateswarlu,et al.  A Novel Three-Phase to Five-Phase Transformation Using a Special Transformer Connection , 2016 .

[96]  W. Lhomme,et al.  Control of a combined multiphase electric drive and battery charger for electric vehicle , 2013, 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE).

[97]  Dong Jiang,et al.  A General Current Ripple Prediction Method for the Multiphase Voltage Source Converter , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[98]  Essam M. Rashad,et al.  Analysis and implementation of space vector modulated five-phase matrix converter , 2014 .

[99]  M. J. Duran,et al.  Reduction of Common-Mode Voltage in Five-Phase Induction Motor Drives Using Predictive Control Techniques , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[100]  Gabriele Grandi,et al.  Analysis of dead-time effects in multi-phase voltage source inverters , 2012 .

[101]  Babak Fahimi,et al.  Trends in Electrical Machines Control: Samples for Classical, Sensorless, and Fault-Tolerant Techniques , 2014, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[102]  Martin Jones,et al.  Onboard Integrated Battery Charger for EVs Using an Asymmetrical Nine-Phase Machine , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[103]  O. Ojo,et al.  A Carrier-Based PWM Modulation Technique for Balanced and Unbalanced Reference Voltages in Multiphase Voltage-Source Inverters , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[104]  Drazen Dujic,et al.  Switching Ripple Characteristics of Space Vector PWM Schemes for Five-Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverters—Part 2: Current Ripple , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[105]  A. Tessarolo,et al.  Comparative performance analysis of VSI and CSI supply solutions for high power multi-phase synchronous motor drives , 2008, 2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion.

[106]  Federico Barrero,et al.  Space-Vector PWM With Reduced Common-Mode Voltage for Five-Phase Induction Motor Drives , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[107]  Leopoldo García Franquelo,et al.  Conventional Space-Vector Modulation Techniques Versus the Single-Phase Modulator for Multilevel Converters , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[108]  Keyue Smedley,et al.  Hexagram Inverter for Medium-Voltage Six-Phase Variable-Speed Drives , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[109]  Alex Ruderman,et al.  Asymptotic Time Domain Evaluation of a Multilevel Multiphase PWM Converter Voltage Quality , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[110]  Ahmed M. Massoud,et al.  A static three-phase to five-phase transformer based on Scott connection , 2014 .

[111]  Bin Wu,et al.  Recent Advances and Industrial Applications of Multilevel Converters , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[112]  Olorunfemi Ojo,et al.  Carrier based PWM scheme for a three-level diode-clamped five-phase voltage source inverter ensuring capacitor voltage balancing , 2011, 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[113]  Keng-Yuan Chen,et al.  A Filtered SVPWM for Multiphase Voltage Source Inverters Considering Finite Pulse-Width Resolution , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[114]  Pablo Fernandez-Comesana,et al.  Graphical Diagram for Subspace and Sequence Identification of Time Harmonics in Symmetrical Multiphase Machines , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[115]  Sergio L. Toral Marín,et al.  Comparative Analysis of Discontinuous and Continuous PWM Techniques in VSI-Fed Five-Phase Induction Motor , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[116]  G. Grandi,et al.  Analytical Determination of DC-Bus Utilization Limits in Multiphase VSI Supplied AC Drives , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[117]  Daniel Sadarnac,et al.  A review of on-board integrated chargers for electric vehicles , 2014, 2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[118]  Jafar Soltani,et al.  Space-vector pulse-width modulation of a Z-source six-phase inverter with neural network classification , 2012 .

[119]  C. Govindaraju Efficient sequential switching hybrid modulation techniques for multiphase multilevel inverters , 2011 .

[120]  M. Jones,et al.  A Space-Vector Modulation Scheme for Multilevel Open-End Winding Five-Phase Drives , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[121]  H. Razik,et al.  Independent Voltage Control for Series-Connected Six- and Three-Phase Induction Machines , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.