Nocturnal Enuresis in Saudi Children: A Review

Background: Regardless of the significance and the disturbing magnitudes of nocturnal enuresis, this disorder is still unacknowledged properly in Saudi Arabia. Broad studies in this field are significantly deficient in KSA. Aim: To discuss results of reported studies about prevalence and associated risk factors of NE among children in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is a systematic review was carried out, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that examining randomized controlled trials, observational, and experimental studies which study nocturnal enuresis in Saudi children. Results and Conclusion: The study included 6 studies and concluded that; Prevalence of NE in Saudi Arabia is greatly variable from one region to another. Saudi population should pay more attention to this problem to control this rising prevalence in KSA. Awareness programs on the causes and consequences is advised. Future studies are required to look into associated risk factors and treatment approaches.

[1]  M. Alghamdi,et al.  Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis among Saudi Children Population , 2020, Cureus.

[2]  Kharifah Sherah,et al.  Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis in school-age children in Saudi Arabia , 2019, International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries.

[3]  A. Alshahrani,et al.  Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis among children in Primary Health Care Centers of Family and Community Medicine, PSMMC, Riyadh City, KSA , 2018, Journal of family medicine and primary care.

[4]  S. Thurber.  Childhood Enuresis: Current Diagnostic Formulations, Salient Findings, and Effective Treatment Modalities , 2017, Archives of psychiatric nursing.

[5]  M. Shahin.  THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITHNOCTURNAL ENURESIS AMONG SCHOOL & PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN HAIL CITY, SAUDI ARABIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. , 2017 .

[6]  A. Hamed,et al.  Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and related risk factors in school-age children in Egypt: an epidemiological study , 2017, World Journal of Urology.

[7]  A. Farhadi,et al.  Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis and Its Associated Factors in Primary School and Preschool Children of Khorramabad in 2013 , 2014, International journal of pediatrics.

[8]  S. Alzahrani.  Nocturnal enuresis and its treatment among primary-school children in Taif, KSA , 2014 .

[9]  A. Bawazir,et al.  Nocturnal enuresis among primary school children. , 2013, Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia.

[10]  N. Marčun Varda,et al.  Prevalence and Quality of Life of Slovenian Children with Primary Nocturnal Enuresis , 2012, International journal of nephrology.

[11]  H. Basaleem,et al.  Epidemiology of nocturnal enuresis in basic schoolchildren in Aden Governorate, Yemen. , 2011, Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia.

[12]  J. J. Jiménez Cruz,et al.  [Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in the Valencian Community. Pediatric section of the National Incontinence Survey. The EPICC Study]. , 2009, Actas urologicas espanolas.

[13]  N. Pashapour,et al.  Nocturnal enuresis and its treatment among primary-school children in Oromieh, Islamic Republic of Iran. , 2008, Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit.

[14]  Jon Heron,et al.  The prevalence of infrequent bedwetting and nocturnal enuresis in childhood , 2008, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[15]  M. Chou,et al.  The epidemiology and factors associated with nocturnal enuresis and its severity in primary school children in Taiwan , 2007, Acta paediatrica.

[16]  S. Altınova,et al.  Prevalence and associated factors of enuresis in Turkish children. , 2004, International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology.

[17]  J. Heron,et al.  Nocturnal enuresis: a survey of parental coping strategies at 7 1/2 years. , 2005, Child: care, health and development.

[18]  U. Udomsubpayakul,et al.  Epidemiology of Enuresis Among School-Age Children in Thailand , 2005, Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP.

[19]  S. Mithani,et al.  Bed wetting in school children of Karachi. , 2005, JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association.

[20]  J. Heap.  Enuresis in Children and Young People: a Public Health Nurse Approach in New Zealand , 2004, Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community.

[21]  B. Sreedhar,et al.  Characteristics of primary nocturnal enuresis in adults: an epidemiological study , 2004, BJU international.

[22]  V. Piyasil,et al.  Enuresis in children 5-15 years at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health. , 2002, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet.

[23]  O. Oge,et al.  Enuresis: point prevalence and associated factors among Turkish children. , 2001, The Turkish journal of pediatrics.

[24]  Y. Li,et al.  Attaining nocturnal urinary control, nocturnal enuresis, and behavioral problems in Chinese children aged 6 through 16 years. , 2000, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[25]  N. Park,et al.  An epidemiological study of enuresis in Korean children , 2000, BJU international.

[26]  A. Iscan,et al.  Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and accompanying factors in children aged 7–11 years in Turkey , 1999, Acta paediatrica.

[27]  K. Hjälmås.  Nocturnal Enuresis: Basic Facts and New Horizons , 1998, European Urology.

[28]  H. Koyuncuoglu,et al.  Epidemiology of enuresis in Turkish children. , 1997, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[29]  A. Ouédraogo,et al.  [Epidemiology of enuresis in children and adolescents aged 5-16 years in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. , 1997, Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie.

[30]  B. Kalo,et al.  Enuresis: prevalence and associated factors among primary school children in Saudi Arabia , 1996, Acta paediatrica.

[31]  R. Shepherd,et al.  The epidemiology of childhood enuresis in Australia. , 1996, British journal of urology.

[32]  P. Auinger,et al.  Bed-wetting in US children: epidemiology and related behavior problems. , 1996, Pediatrics.

[33]  B D Schmitt,et al.  Nocturnal enuresis. , 1997, Primary care.

[34]  D. Winnicott.  Enuresis , 1905, The Hospital.