Cryogenic Treatment of Tool Materials: A Review

Cryogenic treatment (CT) of materials has shown significant improvement in their properties. Various advantages like increase in wear resistance, reduced residual stresses, increase in hardness, fatigue resistance, toughness imparted by transformation of retained austenite to martensite, precipitation of carbides, eta-carbide formation, perfect distributed/homogenous crystal structure, better thermal conductivity, and reduced chemical degradation. Moreover, this technology is an eco-friendly, nontoxic, and nonexplosive. Different approaches have been applied for CT to study the effect on different types of steel and other materials. In recent years, researchers have tried to evaluate the process to optimize the parameters. This paper brings out the comprehensive analysis of the strategies followed in CTs and their significant effects on properties of materials by differentiating CT from cryogenic conditioning of the process. The final part of the paper discusses the developments and outlines the trends for further research in this field.

[1]  Y. Limoge,et al.  Molecular dynamics study of vacancy like defects in a model glass : dynamical behaviour and diffusion , 1993 .

[2]  Lin Xiaoping,et al.  Classic contributions: cryogenic treatment Deep cryogenic treatment of high speed steel: microstructure and mechanism , 2008 .

[3]  V. Firouzdor,et al.  Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on wear resistance and tool life of M2 HSS drill , 2008 .

[4]  George E. Totten,et al.  Steel Heat Treatment Handbook , 2005 .

[5]  K.H.W. Seah,et al.  Performance evaluation of cryogenically treated tungsten carbide tools in turning , 2006 .

[6]  Aleksander CISKI DEEP CRYOGENIC TREATMENT OF HIGH SPEED STEEL , 2012 .

[7]  Jože Vižintin,et al.  Wear Behavior of Deep-Cryogenic Treated High-Speed Steels at Different Loads , 2006 .

[8]  T. Sornakumar,et al.  TURNING STUDIES OF DEEP CRYOGENIC TREATED P-40 TUNGSTEN CARBIDE CUTTING TOOL INSERTS – TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION , 2009 .

[9]  Jagdev Singh,et al.  Wear behaviour of cryogenically treated tungsten carbide inserts under dry and wet turning conditions , 2009 .

[10]  Mark A.M. Bourke,et al.  Microstructure of cryogenic treated M2 tool steel , 2003 .

[11]  A. R. Jha Technological Advancements and Chronological Development History of Cryogenic Technology , 2006 .

[12]  C. Surberg,et al.  The Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on the Properties of AISI D2 , 2009 .

[13]  Rado Gazo,et al.  Effects of cryogenic treatment and refrigerated air on tool wear when machining medium density fiberboard , 2009 .

[14]  Machining performance of low temperature treated P-30 tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts , 2008 .

[15]  R. Barron,et al.  Cryogenic treatment of metals to improve wear resistance , 1982 .

[16]  Álisson Rocha Machado,et al.  Performance of cryogenically treated HSS tools , 2006 .

[17]  B. Ramamoorthy,et al.  Influence of different post treatments on tungsten carbide–cobalt inserts , 2008 .

[18]  F. Meng,et al.  Role of Eta-carbide Precipitations in the Wear Resistance Improvements of Fe-12Cr-Mo-V-1.4C Tool Steel by Cryogenic Treatment , 1994 .

[19]  T. V. SreeramaReddy,et al.  Machinability of C45 steel with deep cryogenic treated tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts , 2009 .

[20]  H. H. Trieu,et al.  Investigation of cryogenic treatment of UHMWPE , 1997, Proceedings of the 1997 16 Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference.

[21]  H. C. H. C.,et al.  Steel and its Heat Treatment , 1917, Nature.

[22]  Wayne Reitz,et al.  CRYOPROCESSING OF MATERIALS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT STATUS , 2001 .

[23]  D. R. G. Achar,et al.  Fatigue life improvement of AISI 304L cruciform welded joints by cryogenic treatment , 2003 .

[24]  H. A. Stewart Cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide reduces tool wear when machining medium density fiberboard , 2004 .

[25]  Y. Yamabayashi,et al.  A new life extension method for high cycle fatigue using micro-martensitic transformation in an austenitic stainless steel , 1997 .

[26]  Jun Wang,et al.  Effects of high temperature and cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and abrasion resistance of a high chromium cast iron , 2009 .

[27]  Y. Na,et al.  Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Carbide Precipitation and Mechanical Properties of Tool Steel , 2006 .

[28]  M. Kalin,et al.  Influence of deep-cryogenic treatment on wear resistance of vacuum heat-treated HSS , 2006 .

[29]  A. Molinari,et al.  Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of tool steels , 2001 .

[30]  G. Nagarajan,et al.  Enhancing the wear resistance of case carburized steel (En 353) by cryogenic treatment , 2005 .

[31]  Zbigniew Zurecki,et al.  Cryogenic Quenching of Steel Revisited , 2005 .

[32]  Kalyan Kumar Ray,et al.  On the enhancement of wear resistance of tool steels by cryogenic treatment , 2008 .

[33]  G. Nagarajan,et al.  Effect of cryogenic treatment on tensile behavior of case carburized steel-815M17 , 2007 .

[34]  Debdulal Das,et al.  Influence of varied cryotreatment on the wear behavior of AISI D2 steel , 2009 .

[35]  R. F. Barron,et al.  Cryogenic Treatment of AISI-T8 and C1045 Steels , 1980 .

[36]  Shan Ping,et al.  Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on electrode life and microstructure for spot welding hot dip galvanized steel , 2003 .

[37]  R. Rudramoorthy,et al.  Performance analysis of cryogenically treated coated carbide inserts , 2009 .

[38]  J. M. Alegre,et al.  Effect of low temperature tempering prior cryogenic treatment on carburized steels , 2006 .

[39]  P. Yen,et al.  FORMATION OF FINE ETA CARBIDES IN SPECIAL CRYOGENIC AND TEMPERING PROCESS KEY TO IMPROVED PROPERTIES OF ALLOY STEELS , 1997 .

[40]  M. Rahman,et al.  Performance evaluation of cryogenically treated tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts , 2003 .

[41]  Wang Jun,et al.  Effect of cryogenic treatment on the matrix structure and abrasion resistance of white cast iron subjected to destabilization treatment , 2006 .

[42]  D. Das,et al.  Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on the Carbide Precipitation and Tribological Behavior of D2 Steel , 2007 .

[43]  Hrvoje Cajner,et al.  Effect of Deep-Cryogenic Treatment on High Speed Steel Properties , 2009 .

[44]  C. Gogte,et al.  Deep Subzero Processing of Metals and Alloys: Evolution of Microstructure of AISI T42 Tool Steel , 2009 .

[45]  H. A. Stewart High-temperature halogenation of tungsten carbide-cobalt tool material when machining MDF , 1992 .

[46]  G. Nagarajan,et al.  Optimization of cryogenic treatment to maximize the wear resistance of 18% Cr martensitic stainless steel by Taguchi method , 2008 .

[47]  M. Rahman,et al.  Performance of cryogenically treated tungsten carbide tools in milling operations , 2007 .

[48]  Geoffrey Parrish,et al.  Carburizing: Microstructures and Properties , 1999 .

[49]  T. Jayakumar,et al.  Fatigue life extension of notches in AISI 304L weldments using deep cryogenic treatment , 2005 .

[50]  G. Nagarajan,et al.  Effect of cryogenic treatment on distribution of residual stress in case carburized En 353 steel , 2008 .

[51]  K. Moore,et al.  Cryogenic Treatment of Three Heat-Treated Tool Steels , 1993 .

[52]  Amin Akhbarizadeh,et al.  Effects of cryogenic treatment on wear behavior of D6 tool steel , 2009 .

[53]  J. M. Alexander,et al.  Microstructure and Properties , 1990 .

[54]  D. Mohan Lal,et al.  Deep Cryogenic Treatment Improves Wear Resistance of En 31 Steel , 2008 .

[55]  W. Reitz,et al.  The Effects of Cryogenic Treatment on the Thermal Conductivity of GRCop-84 , 2007 .

[56]  Martin Pugh,et al.  Effect of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of 4340 steel , 2007 .

[58]  C. Delprete,et al.  Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on static mechanical properties of 18NiCrMo5 carburized steel , 2009 .

[59]  F. W. HARBORD The Heat Treatment of Tool Steel , 1916, Nature.

[60]  V. Leskovšek,et al.  Influence of Deep-Cryogenic Treatment on Tribological Properties of P/M High-Speed Steel , 2009 .

[61]  S. Renganarayanan,et al.  Cryogenic treatment to augment wear resistance of tool and die steels , 2001 .

[62]  D. N. Collins Classic contributions: cryogenic treatment Deep cryogenic treatment of tool steels: a review , 2008 .

[63]  Paolo Baldissera Fatigue scatter reduction through deep cryogenic treatment on the 18NiCrMo5 carburized steel , 2009 .

[64]  M. R. Ghomashchi,et al.  Microstructure-property relationships in high chromium white iron alloys , 1996 .

[65]  G. Y. Lai,et al.  High Temperature Corrosion of Engineering Alloys , 1990 .