Bridging the Gap: How Can Information Access and Exchange Between Conservation Biologists and Field Practitioners be Improved for Better Conservation Outcomes?

It is widely accepted that there is a considerable gap between the science of conservation biology and the design and execution of biodiversity conservation projects in the field and science is failing to inform the practice of conservation. There are many reasons why this implementation gap exists. A high proportion of papers published in scientific journals by conservation biologists are seldom read outside of the academic world and there are few incentives for academics to convert their science into practice. In turn, field practitioners rarely document their field experiences and experiments in a manner that can meaningfully inform conservation scientists. Issues related to access to scientific literature, scientific relevance in multidisciplinary environments, donor expectations and a lack of critical analysis at all levels of conservation theory and practice are factors that exacerbate the divide. The contexts in which conservation biologists and field practitioners operate are also often highly dissimilar, and each has differing professional responsibilities and expectations that compromise the ability to learn from each other's expertise. Building on recent debate in the literature, and using case studies to illustrate the issues that characterize the divide, this paper draws on the authors' experiences of project management as well as academic research. We identify five key issues related to information exchange: access to scientific literature, levels of scientific literacy, lack of interdisciplinarity, questions of relevance and lack of sharing of conservation-related experiences and suggest new ways of working that could assist in bridging the gap between conservation scientists and field practitioners. RESUMEN Il est largement reconnu qu'un fosse immense separe la biologie de la conservation, et la mise en œuvre des projets de conservation de la biodiversite; la science n'atteint pas les agents de la conservation. Plusieurs raisons peuvent expliquer cette separation. La majeure partie des publications faites par des biologistes de la conservation dans des journaux scientifiques est rarement lue en dehors des milieux academiques et les academiciens sont peu incites a passer de la theorie a la pratique. Les agents de terrain quant a eux, documentent rarement leurs experiences ou leurs essais de facon a fournir des informations pertinentes aux chercheurs evoluant dans cette discipline. Le divorce est exacerbe par des questions touchant aussi bien a l'acces a la litterature scientifique, l'adaptation des resultats scientifiques a des environnements complexes qu'aux attentes des bailleurs de fonds, ou encore au manque d'analyse critique depuis la theorie de la conservation jusqu'a sa mise en pratique. Les contextes dans lesquels les biologistes de la conservation travaillent et les executants operent sur le terrain sont tres eloignes ; en outre chacun possede des responsabilites professionnelles et des attentes propres qui compromettent leur capacitea apprendre de l'expertise l'un de l'autre. Inspire par les recents debats parus dans la litterature, cet article puise dans l'experience des auteurs, aussi bien en gestion de projets qu'en recherche academique, pour etudier cette division. Les differents facteurs qui caracterisent la separation sont illustres par des etudes de cas. Nous identifions cinq questions cles liees a l'echange d'information : l'acces a la litterature scientifique, le niveau de formation scientifique, le manque d'interdisciplinarite, les questions de pertinence et le manque de partage des experiences. Nous suggerons de nouvelles methodes de travail qui pourraient permettre de reduire la distance entre les chercheurs et les praticiens de la conservation.

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