Studies on Anger and Aggression

A series of surveys on the everyday ex- perience of anger is described, and a sample of data from these surveys is used to address a number of issues related to the social bases of anger. These issues include the connection between anger and aggression; the targets, instigations, and consequences of typical episodes of anger; the differences between anger and annoyance; and possible sex differences in the expe- rience and/or expression of anger. In a larger sense, however, the primary focus of the paper is not on anger and aggression. Rather, anger is used as a paradigm case to explore a number of issues in the study of emotion, including the advantages and limitations of laboratory research, the use of self-reports, the proper unit of analysis for the study of emotion, the rela- tionship between human and animal emotion, and the authenticity of socially constituted emotional re- sponses.

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